مقایسه میزان آلودگی 22 رقم زیتون به مگس میوه زیتون، Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae)، در ایستگاه تحقیقات زیتون طارم استان زنجان

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان، زنجان.

2 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان، زنجان.

3 بخش تحقیقات حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، تهران.

چکیده

مگس میوه زیتون، Bactrocera oleae (Rossi)، از آفات مهم زیتون می‌باشد که از سال 1382 به کشور وارد شده است و هم‌اکنون حسب شرایط آب‌وهوایی، به محصول زیتون خسارت قابل توجهی وارد می‌نماید. در این تحقیق، در سال‌های 1384‌، 1386 و 1388 تعداد 22 رقم از ارقام خارجی و ژنوتیپ‌های بومی از نظر آلودگی به آفت مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. برای سنجش میزان آلودگی ارقام از ابتدای سخت شدن هسته میوه زیتون تا زمان برداشت، از میوه‌های ارقام مورد بررسی در سه تکرار به تعداد 20 تا 50 میوه و در سه تا هفت نوبت به‌طور تصادفی نمونه‌برداری و در آزمایشگاه نسبت به تعیین آلودگی آن‌ها به لارو، شفیره و دالان تغذیه لارو آفت اقدام شد. مجموعاً 150-60 میوه از سه تکرار، در آزمایشگاه با استرئومیکروسکوپ بررسی شد. با استفاده از فرمول Sqrt (x + 0.5) تبدیل داده انجام گرفت و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی توسط نرم افزار SAS 9.0 آنالیز شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که از بین چهار رقم توصیه‌شده برای شهرستان طارم، رقم "Arbequina" از وضعیت مناسبتری برخوردار بود ولی سه رقم دیگر شامل "Konservolia"، "Zard" و "Koroneiki" به‌ترتیب با میزان متوسط 62/11، ‌74/13‌ و 56/7 درصد آلودگی در سال 1384؛ 23/3، 01/1 و 49/1 درصد آلودگی در سال 1386؛ و 03/10، 75/34 و 10/15‌ درصد آلودگی‌ در سال 1388 جزو ارقام حساس طبقه‌بندی شدند. همچنین، ارقام "Lechin de sevilla" و "Manzanilla cacereña" جزو ارقام نسبتاً مقاوم بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Infestation rates of Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae) in 22 olive cultivars at Tarom Olive Research Station of Zanjan province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. V. Taghaddosi 1
  • M. Azimi 2
  • A. A. Keyhanian 3
1 Department. of Plant Protection, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Department of Seed and Plant Improvement, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is one of the most injurious pests of the olive in Iran. Since its introduction to Iran, in 2004, it has caused considerable economic loss to the domestic olive industry, especially in the years when the climate is favorable to its activity. In this research, we evaluated the infestation rates of olive fruit fly in 22 imported and native olive cultivars at Tarom Olive Research Station, Zanjan, Iran, from 2005 through 2009. The first sampling was started at hard pitting time and continued until harvesting time in which
20-50 fruits were collected from each tree (replicate). Totally 60-150 fruits, from 3 replications, were carefully examined under stereomicroscope in the laboratory. Using the formula of Sqrt (x + 0.5), the data were transformed and subjected to analysis based on Randomized Complete Block Designs usingsoftware SAS, 9.0. The results revealed that among the four recommended cultivars for the region, the cultivar "Arbequina" showed the lowest rate of infestation, while "Konservolia"," Zard", and "Koroneiki" were the most susceptible cultivars due to their higher rates of infestation in 2005 (11.62%, 13.74% and 7.56%), 2007 (3.23%, 1.01% and 1.49%) and 2009 (10.03%, 34.75% and 15.10%), respectively. The cultivars "Lechin de sevilla" and "Manzanilla cacereña" were found to be unfavorable to olive fruit fly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive fruit fly
  • Bactrocera oleae
  • olive cultivars
  • Resistant cultivars

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نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران
دوره 34، شماره 4
دی 1393
صفحه 69-81

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