تأثیر دما بر پراسنجه‌های جدول زندگی دو جنسی کفشدوزک شکارگر Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) با تغذیه از کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حشره‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات حشره شناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

کفشدوزک Stethorus gilvifrons به عنوان یکی از مهمترین شکارگرهای کنه ­های تارتن به شمار می­رود. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر دماهای مختلف روی پراسنجه های جدول زندگی کفشدوزکS. gilvifrons انجام شد. جمعیت اولیه کفشدوزک از مزارع نیشکر استان خوزستان جمع‌آوری شد و در آزمایشگاه روی بوته ­های ذرت آلوده به کنه تارتن دو لکه­ ایurticae (Koch) Tetranychus در دماهای 15، 20، 25، 27، 30، 34 و 38 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد ودورة نوری 16:8 ساعت (تاریکی: روشنایی) داخل اتاقک رشد پرورش داده شد. همه افراد گروه هم­زاد در دمای 38 درجه سلسیوس از بین رفتند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، طول دوره رشدونمو کفشدوزک در دماهای یاد شده تفاوت معنی‌دار داشتند و با افزایش دما از 15 تا 34 درجه سلسیوس کاهش یافت. پراسنجه­ های رشد جمعیت شکارگر نیز به طور معنی ­داری تحت تأثیر دماهای مختلف قرار گرفت. کمترین و بیشترین مقدار نرخ سرشتی افزایش جمعیت (r) به ترتیب 0003/0 (بر روز) در دمای 15 درجه سلسیوس و 2052/0 (بر روز) در دمای 34 درجه سلسیوس برآورد شد. نرخ خالص زادآوری (R0) در دماهای 15، 20، 25، 27، 30 و 34 درجه سلسیوس به ترتیب 025/1، 021/19، 58/38، 61/43، 61/68 و 05/70 (نتاج) بود. بیشترین میزان زادآوری کل شکارگر در دمای 30 درجة سلسیوس و به میزان 52/249 عدد تخم برآورد شد. کمترین و بیشترین میانگین طول عمر ماده‌ها در دماهای 34 و 15 درجه سلسیوس به ترتیب 32 و10/87 روز محاسبه شد. بالاترین نرخ ناخالص زادآوری (GRR) 43/283 (نتاج) در دمای 27 درجه سلسیوس، همچنین مقادیر نرخ کرانمند افزایش جمعیت (λ) در دماهای ذکر شده به ترتیب 1، 050/1، 117/1، 155/1، 182/1، 227/1 (بر روز) برآورد شد. نتایج به دست آمده در این پژوهش، در برنامه ­های مهار زیستی کنه ­های تارتن و توسعة سامانه ­ای برای پرورش انبوه این کفشدوزک شکارگر قابل استفاده خواهد بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of temperature on two-sex life table parameters of Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Jafari 1
  • Sh. Gholdasteh 1
  • H. Ranjbar Aghdam 2
  • َA. A. Zamani 3
  • E. Soleyman-nejadian 1
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
2 Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Stethorus gilvifrons is considered as one of the most important predators of the spider mites. Current study was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on life table parameters of the predatory coccinellid, S. gilvifronsMulstant. The predatory coccinellids were originally collected from sugarcane fields of Khuzestan province and were reared on infected maize plants by Tetranychus urticae Koch at 15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 34 ± 0.5 ̊C, %60±5 RH and a photoperiod of 16:8(L:D) h. in growth chamber. All of the cohort individuals were died at 38 ̊C. The obtained results showed that temperature significantly affected all developmental time and population growth parameters of the predator. Developmental time of S. gilvifrons decreased with increasing temperatures from 15 ̊C to 34 ̊C. The lowest and highest values of intrinsic rate of increase (r) were 0.0003 (day-1) at 15 ̊C and 0.2052 (day-1) at 34 ̊C, respectively. The values of net reproductive rate (R0) were 1.025, 19.021, 38.58, 43.61, 68.61 and 70.05 (offspring) at 15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 34 ̊C, respectively. The highest value for total fecundity was 249.52 (offspring) at 30 ̊C. The shortest and longest female longevity were 18.13 and 30.68 (days) at 34 and 25 ̊C, respectively. Mean generation time decreased with increasing temperatures, and the least value was estimated at 34 ̊C. The highest values of gross reproductive rate (GRR) were 283.43 (offspring) at 27 ̊C. Also, the values of finite rate of increase (λ) were 1.0003, 1.050, 1.117, 1.155, 1.182 and 1.227 (day-1) respectively at above mentioned temperatures. The results can be used for biological control of the spider mites and developing a mass rearing system for S. gilvifrons. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • temperature
  • demographic parameters
  • biological control
  • Stethorus gilvifrons
  • spider mite

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