2گروه حشره شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران
چکیده
بید چغندر قند(Boyd) Scrobipalpa ocellatella یکی از آفات مهم آخر فصل چغندرقند می‌باشد که موجب کاهش کمی و کیفی محصول می‌شود. لاروهای این آفت عمدتاً از جوانههای مرکزی و سر ریشههای گیاه چغندرقند تغذیه می‌کنند. با برداشت چغندرقند در آبان ماه، لاروهای سن آخر موجود در سر ریشهها وارد خاک شده و برای زمستان گذرانی به شفیره تبدیل می‌شوند. لاروهای سنین پایین‌تر در صورتی که زیستگاه مناسب و غذای کافی در اختیار داشته باشند، به تدریج با کامل شدن سنین لاروی به شفیره تبدیل می‌شوند. به منظور مطالعه توانایی زمستان گذرانی این حشره، شفیرهها به صورت ماهیانه از آبان 1394 تا فروردین 1395 جمع‌آوری شدند. تغییرات فصلی در شاخصهای سرماسختی (نقطه انجماد و کمترین دمای کشنده) بید چغندرقند مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. میانگین نقطه انجماد شفیرههای بید چغندرقند جمع‌آوری شده از مزرعه بین 33/0 ± 2/13- تا 23/0 ± 2/18- درجه سلسیوس در نوسان بود. حداکثر میزان تحمل شفیرهها در ماههای آبان، آذر و دی ماه و کمترین میزان تحمل در فروردین ماه مشاهده شد. میزان تحمل شفیرههای دیاپوزی به طور معنیداری از شفیرههای غیر دیاپوزی در دمای 10- ، 15- و 20- درجه سلسیوس بالاتر بود. کمترین دمای کشنده برای 50 درصد افراد از 9/13- درجه سلسیوس در آبان ماه به 5/5- درجه سلسیوس در فروردین ماه کاهش یافت. علی‌رغم این‌که نقطه انجماد شفیرههای دیاپوزی در ماههای منتهی به اواخر زمستان و بهار از 15- درجه سلسیوس فراتر نرفت، اما شفیرهها متناسب با نقطه انجماد نتوانستند دماهای زیر صفر را تحمل نمایند. با این وجود نتایج نشان می‌دهند که قدرت تحمل شفیرهها در مرحله دیاپوز بیش از ظرفیت سرما و یخبندان محیط است و دماهای زیر صفر زمستان نمی‌تواند به عنوان عامل مهمی زنده‌مانی بید چغندرقند را تهدید نماید.
1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
چکیده [English]
Sugar beet moth (SBM) Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) is one of the important pests of sugar beet that causes quantitative and qualitative yield loss late in the season. Pest damage is occurred in the central buds and the root of the sugar beet plant. The last instar larvae enter the soil and pupate for overwintering at harvest time of sugar beet in Karaj, Iran in November. The younger larvae having suitable habitat and enough food for development may have chance to pupate in soil gradually whenever weather permit. In order to study the overwintering potential of the pest, pupae were collected monthly from November 2015 to April 2016. Seasonal changes in cold hardiness indices such as supercooling point and lower lethal temperature of the beet moth were studied. The mean supercooling points of field collected pupae varied from –13.2 ± 0.33 to –18.2 ± 0.23 °C. The highest cold hardiness of diapausing pupae was found in November, December and January, and the lowest in April. The cold hardiness of diapausing pupae was higher than that of nondiapausing pupae at -10, -15 and -20 °C. Lethal temperature for 50% of population (LT50) changed from -13.99 ºC in November to -5.5 ºC in April. In spite of the fact that the supercooling point of the diapause pupae did not exceed -15 °C in the late-winter and April, the pupae could not withstand temperatures below zero under a supercooling point. However, the findings show that the ability of pupae to tolerate in the diapause stage is more than the capacity of cold and frost environment, and therefore, temperatures below zero in winter cannot be considered as a significant risk for the survival of sugar beet moth.
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