حساسیت سن گندم در مراحل بالغ زمستان‏گذران و بالدار نسل جدید به هشت گروه حشره‏کشی ایراک IRAC

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.61186/jesi.43.3.5

چکیده

گندم مهمترین محصول راهبردی در ایران و دنیا است که سن گندم (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)Eurygaster integriceps Puton  سالانه خسارت فراوانی به آن وارد می‌نماید. در حال حاضر در  ایران و سایر کشورهای آلوده به این آفت، دو گروه از حشره‌کش‌های ایراک (IRAC: Insecticide Resistance Action Committee) شامل پایرتیروئیدها و ترکیبات فسفره آلی علیه سن گندم استفاده می‌شود. در این تحقیق، حشره‌کش‌های مختلف از هشت گروه حشره‌کشی ایراک، انتخاب و علیه سن بالغ زمستان‌گذران و سن بالدار نسل جدید، در زیست‌سنجی تماسی بکار رفتند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که در میان حشره‌کش‌های مورد آزمایش، دلتامترین (93/2 میلی‌گرم ماده‌ی موثره بر لیتر LC50:) از گروه پایروتروئیدها، سمی‌ترین ترکیب شیمیایی علیه سن بالغ زمستان گذران بصورت تماسی است و فنیتروتیون (4/19 میلی‌گرم ماده‌ی موثره بر لیتر LC50:) در رتبه دوم قرار داشت. اما در مرحله سن بالدار نسل جدید، هر دو حشره‌کش در 72 ساعت بعد از تماس در یک گروه جای گرفتند (6/4 – 4 میلی‌گرم ماده‌ی موثره بر لیتر LC50:). ادامه‌ی بررسی‌ها مشخص کرد که در میان حشره‌کش‌های نئونیکوتینوئیدی، تیامتوکسام می‌تواند از لحاظ سمیت تماسی در رتبه‌ی بعدی قرار گیرد. مقایسه‌ی تلفات حشره‌کش‌های مختلف در غلظت‌های بالا (20000 - 60 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) از فرمولاسیون‌های تجاری نشان داد که حشره‌کش‌های دلتامترین و فنیتروتیون روی هر دو فرم سن گندم، تلفات 90 تا 100 درصدی را داشتند. حشره‌کش‌های جدید اسپیروتترامات، فلونیکامید و کلرانترانیلی‌پرول، تلفات قابل قبولی در 72 ساعت تماس روی سن بالغ زمستان‌گذران و سن بالدار نسل جدید نداشتند (43 –3/3 درصد). بنابراین اغلب حشره‌کش‌های جدید مورد آزمایش برای کنترل شیمیایی سن گندم اثربخشی قابل قبولی نداشته و تنها تیامتوکسام می‌تواند در سطح مزرعه‌ روی سن گندم مطالعه شود.

چکیده تصویری

حساسیت سن گندم در مراحل بالغ زمستان‏گذران و بالدار نسل جدید به هشت گروه حشره‏کشی ایراک IRAC

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Susceptibility of Sunn pest in overwintered adults and new generation to eight insecticide groups of IRAC

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Javadipouya 1
  • Orouj Valizadegan 1
  • َAziz Sheikhigarjan 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wheat is the most important strategic crop in Iran and the world. Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) causes a lot of damage annually. Currently, two groups of IRAC insecticides including pyrethroids and organic phosphorus compounds are recommended against this pest in Iran and other countries infested with the Sunn pest. In this research, different insecticides were selected from the eight insecticide groups of IRAC and applied in a contact bioassay two life stages of the Sunn pest. The results showed that among the tested insecticides, Deltamethrin (LC50=2.93 mg a.i./L) as a pyrethroid group, had the most contact toxicity among chemical compounds against overwintered adults of the Sunn pest, and Fenitrothion as an organic phosphorus compound  (LC50=19.4 mg a.i./L) was ranked in the second group. But on the new generation of the Sunn pest, both insecticides were ranked in the same group at 72 hours after exposure (LC50=4-4.6 mg a.i./L). Further investigations revealed that among neonicotinoid insecticides, Thiamethoxam had more contact toxicity and ranked in the next group. Mortality comparison of different insecticides in high concentration (60-20000mg/L) based on commercial formulations showed that Deltamethrin and Fenitrothion insecticides caused 90-100% mortality on both life stages of the Sunn pest. The new insecticides, Spirotetramat, Flonicamid and Chlorantraniliprole did not show acceptable effectiveness 72 hours after exposure on overwintered and new- generation adults (3.3-43%). Therefore, most of the new insecticides tested for the chemical control of the overwintered and the new generation adults did not have acceptable mortality, and only thiamethoxam insecticide can be studied on Sunn pests in field conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Spirotetramat
  • effectiveness
  • Pymetrozine
  • Flonicamid
  • Fipronil
  • Chlorantraniliprole

© 2023 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License.

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