Impact of Imunit® insecticide on survival and detoxification enzymes activity of adult worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

Document Type : Paper, Persian

Authors

1 Division of Honey Bee, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Baharan Institute of Higher Education, Gorgan, Iran

3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

4 Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.

10.52547/jesi.42.2.2

Abstract

Alpha-cypermethrin+Teflubenzuron (Imunit®) is an insecticide that is recommended by Iran Plant Protection Organization (IPPO) for the control of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) in tomato fields. In this research, the effect of Imunit® was assessed on survival rate of adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in laboratory conditions. Newly emerged (≤24-h old) and forager (>21-day old) bees were treated with the field recommended dose of this insecticide via three types of exposure (residual contact, oral, or spray). In addition, the sublethal effects of Imunit® on the specific activity of some detoxifying enzymes including α-esterase, β-esterase, and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied. The toxicological tests illustrated that the toxicity of Imunit® varies with age of the bee and the type of exposure. Except for the spray method, forager bees were more susceptible than newly emerged ones to this insecticide. Imunit® was significantly more toxic to newly emerged bees when applied as residual contact and spray than orally, whereas foragers showed more sensitivity after contact exposure to the residues of this insecticide. Activity of the detoxifying enzymes also changed regarding the bees' age and the means of exposure to Imunit®. In general, our findings demonstrate the high potential of Imunit® in the intoxication of honey bees.

Graphical Abstract

Impact of Imunit® insecticide on survival and detoxification enzymes activity of adult worker honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

Keywords

Main Subjects

 © 2022 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License.

References

Badawy, M. E. I., Nasr, H. M. & Rabea, E. I. (2015) Toxicity and biochemical changes in the honey bee Apis mellifera exposed to four insecticides under laboratory conditions. Apidologie 46, 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010018.
Bendahou, N., Fleche, C. & Bounias, M. (1999) Biological and biochemical effects of chronic exposure to very low levels of dietary cypermethrin (cymbush) on honeybee colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 44, 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1812.
Decourtye, A., Devillers, J., Genecque, E., Le Menach, K.  Budzinski, H., Cluzeau, S. & Pham-Delègue, M. H. (2005) Comparative sublethal toxicity of nine pesticides on olfactory learning performances of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 48, 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-0262-7.
Del Sarto, M. C. L., Oliveira, E. E., Guedes, R. N. C. & Campos, L. A. O. (2014) Differential insecticide susceptibility of the Neotropical stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and the honey bee Apis mellifera. Apidologie 45, 626-636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-014-0281-6.
Delabie, J., Bos, C., Fonta, C. & Masson, C. (1985) Toxic and repellent effects of cypermethrin on the honeybee: Laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments. Pesticide Science 16, 409-415. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780160417.
du Rand, E. E, Smit, S., Beukes, M., Apostolides, Z., Pirk, C. W. W. & Nicolson, S. W. (2015) Detoxification mechanisms of honey bees (Apis mellifera) resulting in tolerance of dietary nicotine. Scientific Reports 5, 11779. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11779.
Fent, K., Schmid, M. & Christen, V. (2020) Global transcriptome analysis reveals relevant effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of cypermethrin in honey bees (Apis mellifera), Environmental Pollution 259, 113715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113715.
Ghasemi, V., Salehinejad, A., Ghadamyari, M., Jack, C. J. & Sharifi M. (2022) Toxic evaluation of Proclaim Fit® on adult and larval worker honey bees. Ecotoxicology 31, 1441-1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02601-y.
Gill, R., Ramos-Rodriguez, O. & Raine, N. (2012) Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual- and colony-level traits in bees. Nature 491, 105-109. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11585.
Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J. & Jakoby, W. B. (1974) Glutathione S- transferase, the first step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249, 7130-7139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8.
Han, W., Yang, Y., Gao, J. Zhao, D., Ren, C., Wang, S., Zhao, S. & Zhong, Y. (2019) Chronic toxicity and biochemical response of Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) exposed to acetamiprid and propiconazole alone or combined. Ecotoxicology 28, 399-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02030-4.
Harrison, J. F. & Fewell, J. H. (2002) Environmental and genetic influences on metabolic rate in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133, 323-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00163-0.
Hatami, M., Ziaee, M., Seraj, A. A., Mehrabi-Koushki, M. & Francikowski, J. (2021) Effects of Imunit insecticide on biological characteristics and life table parameters of Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects 12, 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121138.
https://www.ppo.ir. Deputy for pest control, Iran Plant Protection Organization.
Human, H., Brodschneider, R., Dietemann, V., Dively, G., Ellis, J. D., Forsgren, E., Fries, I., Hatjina, F., Hu, F. L., Jaffé, R., Jensen, A. B., Köhler, A., Magyar, J. P., Özkýrým, A., Pirk, C. W. W., Rose, R., Strauss, U., Tanner, G., Tarpy, D. R., van der Steen, J. J. M., Vaudo, A., Vejsnæs, F,. Wilde, J, Williams, G. R. & Zheng, H. Q. (2013) Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research. Journal of Apicultural Research 52, 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.10.
Johnson, R. M., Ellis, M. D., Mullin, C. A. & Frazier, M. (2010) Pesticides and honey bee toxicity-USA. Apidologie 41, 312-331. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010018.
Johnson, R. M. (2015) Honey bee toxicology. Annual Review of Entomology 60, 415-434. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162005.
Karise, R., Viik, E., & Mand, M. (2007) Impact of alpha-cypermethrin on honey bees foraging on spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) flowers in field conditions. Pest Management Science 63, 1085-1089. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1445.
Lattorff, H. M. G. (2022) Increased stress levels in caged honeybee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers. Stresses 2, 373-383. https://doi.org/10.3390/stresses2040026.
Matsumura, F. (1985) Toxicology of insecticides. 2nd ed. 598 pp. Plenum Press, New York and London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2491-1.
Medrzycki, P., Giffard, H., Aupinel, P., Belzunces, L. P., Chauzat, M. P., Claben, C., Colin, M. E., Dupont, T., Girolami, V., Johnson, R.,  Conte, Y. L., Lückmann, J., Marzaro, M., Pistorius, J., Porrini, C., Schur, A., Sgolastra, F., Delso, N. S., van der Steen, J. J. M., Wallner, K., Alaux, C., Biron, D. G., Blot, N., Bogo, G., Brunet,  J. L., Delbac, F., Diogon, M., Alaoui, H. E., Provost, B., Tosi, S. & Vidau, C. (2013) Standard methods for toxicology research in Apis mellifera. Journal of Apicultural Research 52, 1-60. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.14.
Mullin, C., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Ashcraft, S., Simonds, R., vanEngelsdorp, D. & Pettis, J. S. (2010) High levels of miticides and agrochemicals in North American apiaries: implications for honey bee health. PLoS ONE 5, e9754. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009754.
Noorbakhsh, S. (2022) List of important pests, diseases, and weeds of major agricultural crops, pesticides and recommended methods for their control. 209 pp. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and Plant Protection Organization. [In Persian].
Rakhshani, E. (2002) Principle of agricultural toxicology (Pesticides). 369 pp. Farhange Jame Press. [In Persian].
Ricke, D. F., Lin, C. H. & Johnson, R. M. (2021) Pollen treated with a combination of agrochemicals commonly applied during almond bloom reduces the emergence rate and longevity of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) queens. Journal of Insect Science 21, 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieab074.
Rinkevich, F. D., Margotta, J. W., Pittman, J. M., Danka, R. G., Tarver, M. R., Ottea, J. A. & Healy, K. B. (2015) Genetics, synergists, and age affect insecticide sensitivity of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. PLoS ONE 10: e0139841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139841.
Singla, A., Barmota, H., Sahoo, S. K. & Kang, B. K. (2021) Influence of neonicotinoids on pollinators: A review. Journal of Apicultural Research 60, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2020.1825044.
Stejskalova, M., Konradyova, V. & Kazda, J. (2021) The influence of pesticides repellency used in oilseed rape (Brassica napus subsp. napus) on the preference by bees (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Apicultural Research 60, 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1702322.
Tasei, J. N. (2001) Effects of insect growth regulators on honey bees and non-Apis bees. A review. Apidologie 32, 527-545. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2001102.
Thompson, H. M. (2003) Behavioural effects of pesticides in bees-Their potential for use in risk assessment. Ecotoxicology 12, 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022575315413.
Van Asperen, E. (1962) A study of housefly esterase by mean of a sensitive colorimetric method. Journal of Insect Physiology 8, 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(62)90074-4.
Winston, M. L. (1991) The biology of the honey bee. 294 pp. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Zhu, Y. C., Yao, J., Adamczyk, J. & Luttrell, R. (2017) Synergistic toxicity and physiological impact of imidacloprid alone and binary mixtures with seven representative pesticides on honey bee (Apis mellifera). PLoS ONE 12, e0176837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176837.
Zhu, Y. C., Caren, J., Reddy, G. V. P., Li, W., Yao, J. (2020) Effect of age on insecticide susceptibility and enzymatic activities of three detoxification enzymes and one invertase in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Toxicology & Pharmacology, 238, 108844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108844.
Journal of Entomological Society of Iran
Volume 42, Issue 2
September 2022
Pages 133-146

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics