Bioecology of the pear lace bug, Stephanitis pyri (F.)(Hemiptera: Tingidae) on walnut trees in Kermanshah Province, Iran

Document Type : Paper, English

Authors

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

10.61186/jesi.44.2.8

Abstract

One of the most serious pests of walnut trees in recent years in Kermanshah Province is the pear lace bug, Stephanitis pyri (F.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Damage of lace bug is not usually economic, but serious invasions can cause considerable damage or even death to the host. A field study was carried out to evaluate the fluctuations of S. pyri population on walnut trees in Kermanshah from January to December 2015.  Data were analyzed using Taylor’s power law and Iwao's patchiness regression methods to determine spatial distribution. In order to estimate the biological parameters of S. pyri in two different laboratory and semi-field conditions, the theory of age-stage two-sex life table was used. None of the life table parameters (r: intrinsic rate of natural increase; R0: net reproductive rate; λ: finite rate of increase; T: mean generation time; and, GRR: gross reproductive rate) in the laboratory conditions had a significant difference from the field conditions, and more than 70% of individuals successfully passed the pre-imaginal developmental stages. The pear lace bug overwintered as adult within weeds until late March; after that, they migrated to the walnut trees and distributed on the leaves. As a result, there was no significant relationship between the fluctuations of the pear lace bug population and changes in temperature or relative humidity. Spatial distribution of the pear lace bug population was determined based on both Taylor and Iwao regression methods of aggregated type.

Graphical Abstract

Bioecology of the pear lace bug, Stephanitis pyri (F.)(Hemiptera: Tingidae) on walnut trees in Kermanshah Province, Iran

Highlights

Akbarzadeh Shoukat, G. A. (2005) Seasonal fluctuations of Stephanitis pyri F. (Heteroptera: Tingidae) and identification of its natural enemies in West Azerbaijan apple orchards. Journal of Agricultural Science, 15-4, 91-100. [In Persian]

Aradhya, K. M., Potter, F. G. & Simon, C. J. (2006) Cladistic biogeography of Juglans (Junglandaceae) based on chloroplast DNA intergenic spacer sequences. In T. J. Motley, N. Zerega, & H. Cross (eds), Darwin’s harvest: new approaches to the origins, evolution, and conservation of crops, pp. 143–170, Columbia University Press, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.7312/motl13316-008.

Aysal, T. & Kivan, M. (2008) Development and population growth of Stephanitis pyri (F) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) at five temperatures. Journal of Pest Science, 81, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-008-0198-9.

Buntin, G. D., Braman, S. K., Gillbertz, D. A. & Phillips, D. V. (1996) Chlorosis, photosynthesis and transpiration of azalea leaves after azalea lace bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae) feeding injury. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, 990-995. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.4.990.

Chi, H. (1988) Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rate among individuals. Environmental Entomology, 17(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.1.26.

Chi, H. (2013) Computer program for the age-stage, two sex life table analysis. National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Chi, H. (2016) TWOSEX-MSChart: a computer program for age-stage, two-sex life table analysis.

Chi, H. & Liu, H, (1985) Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 24(2), 225-240.

Chi, H. & Yang, T. C. (2003) Two-sex life table and predation rate of Propylaea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer)(Homoptera: Aphididae). Environmental Entomology, 32(2), 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-32.2.327.

Clark, J. R., Hemery, G. E. & Savill, P. S. (2007) Early growth and form of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in mixture with tree and shrub nurse species in southern England. Forestry, 81(5), 631-644. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpn036.

Flint M, L. & van den Bosch, R. (2012) Introduction to Integrated Pest Management. Springer Science and Business Media, 256 pp.

Froeschner, R. C. (1995) Review of the new world lace bug genera Acanthocheila and Carvalhotingis new genus (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 331-339.

Iwao, S. (1968) A new regression method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal populations. Population Ecology, X, 1-20.

Neal, J. W. & Schaefer, C. W. (2000) Lace Bugs (Tingidae). Heteroptera of economic importance. CRC Press, New York, pp 85-137.

Sahin, A. K., Ozpinar, A., Polat, B. & Sakaldas, M. (2009) Population density of pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri (F.), Heteroptera: Tingidae) at different apple cultivars in Çanakkale province. Tarım Bilimleri Aras, 2(2), 119-122.

Schaefer, W. C. & Panizzi, A. R. (2000) Heteroptera of Economic Importance. CRC Press, Washington D.C., USA, 824 pp.

Smucker, M. D., Allan, J. & Carterette, B. (2007) A Comparison of statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation. Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on information and knowledge management, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 623-632. https://doi.org/10.1145/1321440.1321528.

Southwood, T. R. E. & Henderson, P. A. (2000) Ecological Methods. Blackwell Science: Oxford, UK.

Stonedahl, G. M., Dolling, W. R. & Duheaume, G. J. (2008) Identification guide to common tinged pests of the world (Heterpotera: Tingidae). Tropical Pest Management, 38, 438-449. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879209371743.

Taylor, L. R. (1961) Aggregation, variance, and the mean. Nature, 189, 732-735.

Vergnani, S. & Caruso, S. (2008) Investigation on the efficacy of different products for the control of Stephanitis pyri in an organic pear orchard during the two-year period 2004-2005. 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress. Modena, June 16-20. Italy. Pages: 496-499.

Keywords

Main Subjects

© 2024 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

References

Akbarzadeh Shoukat, G. A. (2005) Seasonal fluctuations of Stephanitis pyri F. (Heteroptera: Tingidae) and identification of its natural enemies in West Azerbaijan apple orchards. Journal of Agricultural Science, 15-4, 91-100. [In Persian]
Aradhya, K. M., Potter, F. G. & Simon, C. J. (2006) Cladistic biogeography of Juglans (Junglandaceae) based on chloroplast DNA intergenic spacer sequences. In T. J. Motley, N. Zerega, & H. Cross (eds), Darwin’s harvest: new approaches to the origins, evolution, and conservation of crops, pp. 143–170, Columbia University Press, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.7312/motl13316-008.
Aysal, T. & Kivan, M. (2008) Development and population growth of Stephanitis pyri (F) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) at five temperatures. Journal of Pest Science, 81, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-008-0198-9.
Buntin, G. D., Braman, S. K., Gillbertz, D. A. & Phillips, D. V. (1996) Chlorosis, photosynthesis and transpiration of azalea leaves after azalea lace bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae) feeding injury. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, 990-995. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.4.990.
Chi, H. (1988) Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rate among individuals. Environmental Entomology, 17(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.1.26.
Chi, H. (2013) Computer program for the age-stage, two sex life table analysis. National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chi, H. (2016) TWOSEX-MSChart: a computer program for age-stage, two-sex life table analysis.
Chi, H. & Liu, H, (1985) Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 24(2), 225-240.
Chi, H. & Yang, T. C. (2003) Two-sex life table and predation rate of Propylaea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer)(Homoptera: Aphididae). Environmental Entomology, 32(2), 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-32.2.327.
Clark, J. R., Hemery, G. E. & Savill, P. S. (2007) Early growth and form of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in mixture with tree and shrub nurse species in southern England. Forestry, 81(5), 631-644. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpn036.
Flint M, L. & van den Bosch, R. (2012) Introduction to Integrated Pest Management. Springer Science and Business Media, 256 pp.
Froeschner, R. C. (1995) Review of the new world lace bug genera Acanthocheila and Carvalhotingis new genus (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 331-339.
Iwao, S. (1968) A new regression method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal populations. Population Ecology, X, 1-20.
Neal, J. W. & Schaefer, C. W. (2000) Lace Bugs (Tingidae). Heteroptera of economic importance. CRC Press, New York, pp 85-137.
Sahin, A. K., Ozpinar, A., Polat, B. & Sakaldas, M. (2009) Population density of pear lace bug (Stephanitis pyri (F.), Heteroptera: Tingidae) at different apple cultivars in Çanakkale province. Tarım Bilimleri Aras, 2(2), 119-122.
Schaefer, W. C. & Panizzi, A. R. (2000) Heteroptera of Economic Importance. CRC Press, Washington D.C., USA, 824 pp.
Smucker, M. D., Allan, J. & Carterette, B. (2007) A Comparison of statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation. Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on information and knowledge management, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 623-632. https://doi.org/10.1145/1321440.1321528.
Southwood, T. R. E. & Henderson, P. A. (2000) Ecological Methods. Blackwell Science: Oxford, UK.
Stonedahl, G. M., Dolling, W. R. & Duheaume, G. J. (2008) Identification guide to common tinged pests of the world (Heterpotera: Tingidae). Tropical Pest Management, 38, 438-449. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879209371743.
Taylor, L. R. (1961) Aggregation, variance, and the mean. Nature, 189, 732-735.
Vergnani, S. & Caruso, S. (2008) Investigation on the efficacy of different products for the control of Stephanitis pyri in an organic pear orchard during the two-year period 2004-2005. 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress. Modena, June 16-20. Italy. Pages: 496-499.
Journal of Entomological Society of Iran
Volume 44, Issue 2
March 2024
Pages 189-199

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