تأثیر عصاره‌های اتانولی گیاهان رزماری ،Rosmarinus officinalis L. و خرزهرهL. Nerium oleander روی مرگ‌و‌میر و شاخص‌های زیستی و تولیدمثلی شته جالیز Aphis gossypii (Hom.: Aphididae)

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان.

2 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان.

چکیده

شته جالیز، Glover (Hom.: Aphididae) gossypii Aphisیکی از آفات مهم محصولات گلخانه‌ای، باغی و زراعی می‌باشد. جهت حفظ سلامت محیط­زیست، کاهش استفاده از ترکیبات شیمیایی در کنترل آفات امری ضروری به­نظر می‌رسد. در پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر تیمارهای عصاره‌ی اتانولی دو گیاه رزماری، Rosmarinus officinalis L. و خرزهره، Nerium oleander و نیز آفت‌کش ایمیداکلوپراید روی شته جالیز به­روش غوطه‌ور کردن برگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (دمای 1 ± 25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 65 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی به 8 ساعت تاریکی روی شته جالیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. LC50آفت‌کش‌های ایمیداکلوپراید، عصاره رزماری و خرزهره بعد از 72 ساعت به­ترتیب 004/0، 69/24 و 26/45 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر به­دست آمد. در این تحقیق، تأثیرات غلظت کشنده (LC30) هر یک از عصاره‌های گیاهی و حشره‌کش ایمیداکلوپراید روی A. gossypii مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. طول عمر حشرات کامل و میزان پوره‌زایی به­ازای هر ماده در هر روز اندازه‌گیری شد. تأثیرات معنی­داری در پارامترهای جدول زندگی شامل بقاء، نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت، نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت، نرخ خالص تولیدمثل و میانگین طول دوره‌ی یک نسل در شته‌هایی که روی برگ‌‌های تیمار شده با عصاره‌های گیاهی و آفت‌کش ایمیداکلوپراید تغذیه شده بودند در مقایسه با شاهد مربوطه مشاهده شد. اطلاعات به­دست آمده از پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که عصاره‌های گیاهان رزماری و خرزهره از پتانسیل خوبی برای کنترل شته جالیز برخوردارند. در عین حال برای نتیجه گیری نهایی نیاز به آزمایشات بیشتری در شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plant ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Nerium oleander L. on mortality, biological parameters and reproduction of Aphis gossypii (Hom.: Aphididae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Koorki 1
  • Sh. Shahidi-Noghabi 2
  • K. Mahdian 2
1 Graduated student in Master of Science of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom.: Aphididae( is one of the most important pests in greenhouse and field. Considering the importance of human health and the environmental protection, reduction in pesticide application has to be considered as an essential issue in the pest control program. In the present study, effects of ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Nerium oleander and an insecticide, imidacloprid were evaluated against Aphis gossypii. Leaf dipping method was used in the laboratory conditions (temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and 16 h light: 8 h dark). After 72-h, LC50 values of imidacloprid, plant extracts from rosemary and oleander were estimated 0.004, 24.69 and 45.26 mg/ml, respectively. In this study, the effects of sublethal concentration (LC30) of each treatment was evaluated against A. gossypii. Longevity and the number of offspring were estimated per female per day. In this experiment, significant effects were observed on the life table parameters such as survival, intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, finite rate of population increase and mean generation time, for aphids fed on the leaves treated with ethanolic plant extracts and imidacloprid as compared to the related controls. This information provides further support for plant extracts of R. officinalis and N. oleander having a good potential to control the A. gossypii. However before claiming firm conclusions, trials under glasshouse and field related conditions are needed to verify the applicability of these two plant extracts in control of A. gossypii.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphis gossypii
  • Intrinsic rate of increase
  • Plant extract
  • Imidacloprid
  • life table parameters

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نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران
دوره 35، شماره 2
تیر 1394
صفحه 75-88

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