تنوع زیستی سنک‌های جنس (Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae در اقلیم‌ها و فصول مختلف استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و بررسی تأثیر بوم نظام کشاورزی روی تنوع زیستی این شکارگران

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی.

2 دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی.

چکیده

سن­های جنس Oriusبه‌عنوان دشمنان طبیعی بسیاری از آفات گیاهی در دنیا شناخته می­شوند. این مطالعه به­‌منظور بررسی فون و تنوع زیستی سنک­های Anthocoriade در شرایط مختلف اقلیمی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و تأثیر بوم نظام کشاورزی روی تنوع زیستی سن­های شکارگر این جنس، صورت گرفت. سه اقلیم و از هر اقلیم سه اکوسیستم (باغی، زراعی و دست­ورزی نشده) و از هر اکوسیستم سه تکرار انتخاب و نمونه‌برداری هر دو هفته یک‌­بار انجام شد. شناسایی گونه­ها براساس ژنیتالیای افراد نر صورت گرفت و تعیین تنوع زیستی با استفاده از شاخص چیرگی شانون-وینر انجام شد. در مجموع شش گونه شامل O. s albidipennis (Reuter)، O. niger (Wolff)، O. laevigatus (Fiber)،Orius pallidicornis (Reuter)،O. vicinus (Ribaut)، (Reuter) O. horvati از مناطق مختلف این استان شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در اقلیم گرمسیری O. albidipennis و در اقلیم سردسیری گونه O. niger به‌عنوان گونه غالب خانواده Anthocoridae در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد بودند. شاخص شانون محاسبه شده در سه منطقه گرم، معتدل و سرد به­ترتیب برابر 245/1، 233/1و 9896/0 بود. تنوع زیستی سن­های جنس Orius در اکوسیستم دست­ورزی نشده به‌صورت معنی­داری بیش­تر از اکوسیستم دست­ورزی شده بود. در ضمن با توجه به اثرات سوء دست­ورزی تنوع زیستی و جمعیت سنک­های Orius، در بوم نظام­های کشاورزی، اعمالی مانند تنوع کشت، کشت توام و باقی گذاشتن علف­های هرز به‌­صورت پرچین­های اطراف مزرعه و یا جزایر سبز می­تواند موجب افزایش تنوع و به­دنبال آن کارایی این شکارگران شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biodiversity of genus Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in various climate regions and seasons of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province and evaluation of agro-ecosystem effects on their biodiversity

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Davari 1
  • A. A. Seraj 1
  • A. Rajabpour 2
1 Department of plant protection, college of agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
2 Department of plant protection, college of agriculture, Ramin agriculture and natural resources university of Khouzestan, Mollasani, Ahwaz.
چکیده [English]

The members of genus Orius are known as natural enemies of many of plant pests in the world. We studied the fauna and biodiversity of the family Anthocoridae bugs in different environmental conditions of Kohgiloyeh and Boyrahmad province of Iran. Sampling took place in three climates and from three ecosystems (gardens, farms and virgin uncultivated lands) throught three replicationsevery other week. Species were identified based on male genitalia, and the biodiversity study was done using Shannon-Wiener dominance index through SDR software. The species Orius albidipennis (Reuter), O. niger (Wolff), O. laevigatus (Fiber),O. pallidicornis (Reuter),O. vicinus (Ribaut), O. horvati(Reuter) were identfied. The results showed that O. albidipennis was the dominant species in tropical climate and O. niger was the dominant species in cold climate. The Shannon-Wiener indices of tropical, moderate and cool climates were 1.245, 1.233, and 0.9896 respectively. Biodiversity of Orius spp in non manipulated ecosystems were significantly higher than manipulated (agricultural) ecosystems. Therefore biodiversities of the natural enemies were significantly affected by climate and ecosystem conditions.Regarding the side effects of ecosystem manipulating treatments on the biodiversity of the predatory bugs, some conservative treatments such as multi-cropping, rgeen islands of weed could enhance biodiversity and efficiency of predators.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Species richness
  • Shanon index
  • Anthocorid bugs
  • Ecosystem

مراجع

Aghshari, A. Yazdanyan, M. & Asade, G. A. )2011) Biodiversity of beetles Carabidae In the ecosystems crop city of Azadshar, Golestan Province. Agroecology journal 3, 347-357
Altieri, M. A. (1999) The ecological role of biodiversity in agro ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74, 19-31.
Erfan, D. & Ostovan, H. (2004) Biodiversity of bugs Anthocoridae in Shiraz and around region. Journal ofResearchin Agricultural Science 11, 81-95
Chambers, R. J., Long, S. & Helyer, B. L. (1993) Effectiveness of Orius laevigatus (Hem.: Anthocoridae) for the control of Frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber and pepper in the United Kingdom. Biocontrol Science and Technology 3, 295-307.
Disney R. H. L. (1999) Insect biodiversity and demise of alpha taxonomy. Antenna: Bulletin Research Entomological Society 23, 84-88.
Erfanfar, D., Safafrazi, A., Nouri Ghanbalani, G., Ostovan, H. & Shojaei, M. (2014) Claims of potential expansion and future climatic scenarios for Orius species (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) throughout Iran. European Journal of Zoological Research 3, 43-55.
Ghahari, H. Carpintero, D. L. & Ostovan.H.(2009) An annotated catalogue of the Iranian Anthocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha). Acta Entomology Musei Nationalis Pragae 49, 43-58.
Handerson, P. A. & Seaby, R. M. H. (2006)Speicies diversity and richness v4.0. Pisces Conservaion Ltd., Pennington, Lymington.
Hasanzadeh Awal, M. & Modarres Awal, M. (2010) Species of the flower bugs genusAnthocoris Fallen, 1814 from Mashhad region, North–East of Iran (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). Munis Entomology & Zoology 5, 658-660.
Kim, D. I., Park, J. D., Kim, S. G., Kim, S. S. & Paik, C. H. (2004) Biological control of Thrips strigicollis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on cucumber in plastic houses in the southern region of Korea. Asia Pacific Entomology 7, 311-315.
Lattin, J. D. (1999) Bionomics of the Anthocoridae. Annual Review of Entomology 44, 207-231.
Letourneau, D., Jedlicka. J. A., Bothwell, S. G. & Moreno, C. R. (2009)Effects of natural enemy biodiversity on the suppression of arthropod herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 40, 573-592.
Madadi, H. (1999) Study and diagnosis species of genus Orius (Hem : Anthocoridae) Orius Wolff Cucumber farms and breeding facilities in Karaj. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, P 105
Magurran, A. E. (1988) Ecological diversity and it’s measurement. London: Croom Helm.
Mitry, D. & Musolin, L. (2007) Insects in a warmer world: ecological, physiological and life-history responses of true bugs (Heteroptera) to climate change. Global Change Biology 13(8), 1565-1585.
Mohamadi fazel, A. & Safaei, M. (2000) The value of biodiversity. Environmental Protection Agency and Development Program of United Nations. Tehran.
Mueke, J. M., Gitonga, L. M., Löhr, B., Overholt, W. A. & Magambo, J. K. (2002) Effect of temperature on the development of Orius albidipennis Reuter, a predator of the african legume flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 22 (3), 215-220.
Ostovan, H. & Niakan, J. (2000) Some bugs of the subfamily Anthocorinae (Hetroptera:Anthocoridae) collected in Fars province, Iran. Journal of the Agricultural Sciences 5, 5-14.
Ostovan, H. (2004) Some species of the flower bug genus Orius Wolff (Het. Antocoridae) from Iran.Plant Protection toward the 21st Century Proceeding of the 15 International Plant Protection Congress,China, p. 102.
Pericart, J. (1996) Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 – flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. pp. 108-140. in Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (eds.). Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. 361 pp. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam.
Rezaei Nauade. M. Aghshari, A. Yazdanyan, M. & Asade.Gh. A. (2012) Biodiversity of beetles Carabidae In the ecosystems garden city of Azadshar, Golestan Province. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 32 (1), 59-79.
Rajabpour, A. (2011)Faunestic investigation on the sub family Anthocorinae (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in Khuzestan province and evaluating Orius laevigatus Fieber efficacy to prevention of Thrips tabaci Lindeman economic damage. Ph. D. Thesis of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran.
Ruberson, J. R., Bush, L. & Kring, T. J. (1991) Photoperiodic effect on diapauses induction and development in the predator, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Environmental Entomology 20, 781-789.
Shirvani, A. (2007) Identify the geographic distribution sub family Heliothinae Hadeninae (Lep: Noctuidae) ، Noctuinae, in parts of southern and south-eastern Iran. PhD thesis. Tarbiat Modarres University. 193.
Sculdiner-Harpaz, T. & Coll, M. (2013) Effects of global warming on predatory bugs supported by data across geographic and seasonal climatic gradient. Plus One 8 (6), 62-66.
Tommasini, M. G. (2004) Collection of Orius species in Italy. Bulletin of Insectology 57 (2), 65-72.
Van den Meiraker, R. A. F. (1994) Induction and termination of diapauses in Orius predatory bugs. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 73, 127-137.
Yasunaga, T. (1993a) A taxonomic study on the sub genus HeterOrius Wagner of the Genus Orius Wolff from Japan (Hem: Anthocoridae). Japan Journal of Entomology 61 (1), 11-22.
Yasunaga, T. (1997b) The flower bug genus Orius Wolff ( Heteroptera: Anthocoridae ) from Japan and Thaiwan. Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 32 (2), 379-386.
Yasunaga, T. (1997a) The flower bug genus Orius Wolff ( Heteroptera: Anthocoridae ) from Japan and Thaiwan. Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 32 (2), 355-364.
Zhang, Z. (2003) Mites of greenhouse identification, biology and control. CABI Publishing, 234pp.
نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران
دوره 35، شماره 3
مهر 1394
صفحه 1-14

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار