The effect of choice and no-choice access on host (Aphis fabae) instars preference, in different ages and sizes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

چگونگی تاثیر پارازیتوئیدها روی تغییرات جمعیت میزبان، تحت تاثیر ترجیح سن پورگی میزبان قرار دارد. این طرح ترجیح ثابت نبوده و همراه با فراوانی نسبی و میزان در دسترس بودن، تفاوت در شدت رفتارهای دفاعی و همچنین اثرات مادری زنبور کاوشگر تغییر می‌یابد. در این مطالعه ترجیح سن پورگی میزبان در استرین ماده‌زای زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) در ارتباط با کارایی نتاج روی سنین اول، دوم و چهارم پورگی شته‌  Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) در شرایط انتخابی و غیرانتخابی مطالعه شد. علاوه بر این اثرات مادری (سن و اندازه) روی ارتباطات کاراییترجیح نتاج مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، زنبورهای پرورش یافته روی پوره سن اول، صرف نظر از سن و اندازه‌ی مادر، کوچکتر بودند و طول دوره‌ی رشدی طولانی‌تری داشتند، نسبت به زنبورهایی که در پوره سن دوم یا چهارم پرورش یافته بودند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که وقتی که زنبورها در شرایط غیرانتخابی به سنین مختلف میزبان دسترسی داشتند، ، صرف نظر از سن و اندازه، ترجیحی به سن پورگی خاصی نشان ندادند. با این اوصاف، در شرایط انتخابی، در هر دو کلاس سنی  و اندازه‌ی زنبورهای مادر، تعداد مومیایی‌ها با افزایش سن پورگی میزبان کاهش یافت، که نشان دهنده‌ عدم ارتباط بین ترجیح سن پورگی و کارایی نتاج می‌باشد. بر اساس نتایج، در پرورش انبوه زنبور پارازیتوئید L. fabarum، به منظور افزایش کارایی نتاج، بهتر خواهد بود که در شرایط انتخابی حداقل تراکم از پوره‌های سن اول در اختیار زنبورهای کاوشگر قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of choice and no-choice access on host (Aphis fabae) instars preference, in different ages and sizes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • P. Najafpour 1
  • A. Rasekh 2
  • M. Esfandiyari 3
1 M.Sc. Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Associate Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The influence of parasitoids on population dynamics is affected by host instar preference. The preference pattern of host instars is not fixed and is modified by the availability and relative abundance of host instars, intensity of defensive behaviors in a particular instar, and also maternal effects of the female forager. In this study, host instar preference of the thelytokous strain of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) was studied in relation to progeny performance in choice and no-choice experiments, using the first, second, and fourth host instars of Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as hosts. In addition, we investigated whether the maternal effects (age and size) influenced preference-performance associations. Based on the results, offsprings emerging from hosts that were parasitized as the first instar stage were smaller and took longer to develop than offsprings emerging from hosts that were parasitized as the second and fourth instars, irrespective of the age and size of their mothers. The results also showed that when females were offered different host instars under no-choice access, there was no preference for a specific instar, irrespective of the size and age of the female. However, in a choice situation, for the both age and size classes of the parasitoid mother, the number of mummies declined with increasing host instar, suggesting that host instar preference does not reflect offspring performance. For mass rearing of L. fabarum, it would be better if female foragers be introduced to lower density of first instar, under choice situation because of increasing offspring performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphididae
  • Hemiptera
  • Fitness
  • Maternal effect
  • progeny performance

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