تاثیر تراکم و سنین مختلف پورگی شته Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)بر دوره رشدی و میزان تغذیه‌ لارو مگس Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae) در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، انگلیسی

نویسندگان

گروه گیا‌ه پزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

بدیهی است چندین حشره شته­خوار مانند شکارگرها و پارازیتوئیدها پاسخ مثبتی به گیاهان آلوده به شته نشان می­دهند. در این مطالعه اثر تراکم­های مختلف (40، 60، 80 و 100) و سنین پورگی (1، 2، 3 و 4) شته­یAphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) به عنوان طعمه، بر دوره‌های رشدی و نرخ تغذیه­ی لارو مگس شته­خوار سیرفیده Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae)، روی برگ­های گیاه خیار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه­ای (5 ±22 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 10 ±55 درصد و دوره نوری 14 ساعت روشنایی و 10 ساعت تاریکی) با 10 تکرار انجام شد. تراکم­های مختلف طعمه اثر قابل توجهی بر میزان تغذیه شکارگر داشتند. مطالعه ما نشان داد که تراکم کم تر و کیفیت پایین طعمه، موجب تلفات زیاد لاروهای شکارگر می­شود. از سوی دیگر، نشان داده شد که تغذیه از سنین پورگی بالاتر (3 و 4) و تراکم بالاتر شکار (80 و 100 شکار در روز) باعث کوتاه­تر شدن دوره رشد مگس E. balteatus شد. لاروهای تغذیه کرده از تراکم­های 40 و 60 شکار، با وجود تغذیه از پوره­های سنین بالاتر، موفق به تکمیل دوره­ لاروی خود نشدند. نتیجه­گیری شد که تراکم­های بالاتر (80 و 100 طعمه) برای رشد لاروهای شکارگر بسیار مناسب بوده و طول دوره رشد لارو مگس E. balteatusرا به طور معنی­داری کاهش می­دهند. این یافته‌ها، شواهد بیش‌تری را ارائه داد که مگس E. balteatus ظرفیت بالایی در شکار شته­ها داشته و در نتیجه می­تواند به عنوان یک عامل بیوکنترل برای شته A.  gossypii مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of different densities and nymphal instars of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on developmental time and feeding rate of larvae of Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae) under greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Hosseinzadeh
  • A. Sahragard
  • A. Zibaee
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Several aphidophagous insects such as predators and parasitoids are known to respond positively to aphid infested plants. This  study was intended to evaluate the effect of different densities (40, 60, 80, 100) and nymphal instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey on developmental time and feeding rate of the larvae of the syrphid fly Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer  on cucumber leaves. The experiment was conducted at the greenhouse condition (22± 5°C, 55± 10% RH and 14L: 10 D h photoperiod) with 10 replications. Our study indicated that lower density and poor quality of prey caused higher larval mortality. Feeding on 3rd and 4th nymphal instars and higher density of prey (80 and 100 prey/day) caused shorter developmental time of E. balteatus. The larvae fed on densities of 40 and 60 prey, even though fed on higher nymphal instars, failed to complete their larval development. It is concluded that higher prey densities (80 and 100 prey) were highly suitable for predator's larval development and significantly reduced the developmental period of E. balteatus. These findings provide further evidence that E. balteatus has high predation capacity on aphids, and therefore can be used as a successful biocontrol agent against A. gossypii.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphis gossypii
  • Episyrphus balteatus
  • predation rate
  • nymphal instars
  • biological contr

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