تاثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی در بستر کشت گیاه سیب‌زمینی بر ویژگی‌های زیستی بید سیب‌زمینیPhthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

بید سیب­زمینی، Phthorimaea  operculella Zeller از مهم­ترین آفات سیب­زمینی است که با تغذیه از برگ، ساقه و غده سیب­زمینی سبب ایجاد خسارت می­شود. نوع کود مصرفی ممکن است جمعیت آفات تغذیه کننده از گیاه را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. در این تحقیق تاثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی شامل ورمی­کمپوست، اسید هیومیک، مخلوط ورمی­کمپوست و اسیدهیومیک ونانوکامپوزیت بیوارگانیک روی ویژگی­های زیستی بید سیب­زمینی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش­ها روی برگ سیب‌زمینی رقم اگریا و در اتاقک رشد انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، اغلب پارامترهای زیستی بید سیب­زمینی به طور معنی­داری تحت تاثیر کوددهی قرار گرفت. کم­ترین طول دوره لاروی­ بید سیب­زمینی در تیمار شاهد و بیش­ترین طول آن در تیمارهای اسید هیومیک و نانوکامپوزیت بیوارگانیک به دست آمد. طول عمر حشرات کامل نر از 21/10 تا 68/18 روز و طول عمر ماده­ها از 94/12 تا 20/23 روز در تیمارهای مختلف متغیر بود. ماده­های این آفت کم­ترین زادآوری کل را در تیمار اسید هیومیک داشتند. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (rm) بید سیب­زمینی در تیمارهای مختلف بین 096/0 تا 119/0 برروز در نوسان بود. اندازه­گیری تعداد تریکوم برگ تیمارهای مختلف نشان داد که بیش­ترین تراکم تریکوم­ها مربوط به تیمار اسید هیومیک بود. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که اسید هیومیک توانایی بیش­تری برای کاهش جمعیت بید سیب­زمینی دارد و می­توان از آن در برنامه­های مدیریت تلفیقی این آفت مهم استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of application of organic fertilizers in growing medium of potato plants on biological characteristics of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • L. Mottaghinia
  • J. Razmjou
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, is one of the important pests of potato, causing damage on leaves, stem, and tubers. Type of fertilizer may affect the population of the pests feeding on the plant. In this study, the effect of some organic fertilizers including vermicompost, humic acid, a mixture of vermicompost and humic acid, and nanocomposites bio-organic was investigated on
biological traits of potato tuber moth. The experiments were carried out on potato leaves, cv. Agria in a growth chamber. Results showed that nearly all the biological parameters of potato tuber moth were significantly affected by fertilization. The shortest larval period was in the control and the longest one was on humic acid and nanocomposites bio-organic. The longevity of the males ranged from 10.21 to 18.68 days and that of females varied from 12.94 to 23.20 days on different treatments. The females of the pest had the least total fecundity on humic acid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of the potato tuber moth ranged from 0.096 to 0.119 day-1 on different treatments. Counting the number of trichomes of the leaves of different treatments showed that the highest density of trichomes was on humic acid. The results of this study showed that humic acid has better potential for decreasing the population of the pest and it can be used in the IPM programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potato tuber moth
  • Vermicompost
  • humic acid
  • nanocomposites bio-organic
  • biological traits
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