تاثیر کشت های نواری ذرت و اسپرس در کنترل کرم ساقه‌خوار اروپایی ذرت، (Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae و عملکرد هر دو محصول

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

کرم ساقه­ خوار اروپایی ذرت، Hübner Ostrinia nubilalis یکی از مهم­ترین آفات ذرت است. در این تحقیق تاثیر تک­ کشتی ذرت (C)، تک­ کشتی اسپرس (S) و کشت نواری ذرت و اسپرس در چهار نسبت ردیفی: 2C: 2S، 2C:4S، 2C:6S و 2C:8S بر تراکم کرم ساقه­ خوار اروپایی ذرت، تنوع و فراوانی دشمنان طبیعی آن و عملکرد هر دو محصول در مزرعه­ آزمایشی طی دو سال زراعی 1395 و 1396 بررسی شد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که در کشت ­های نواری ذرت و اسپرس به خصوص در نسبت­ های 2C:6S و 2C:8S در مقایسه با تک­ کشتی ذرت تراکم تخم­ها و لاروهای آفت کاهش معنی ­داری یافت. شاخص تنوع شانون (H´) برای ترکیب گونه ­ای شکارگرها در کشت­ های نواری به طور معنی­ داری بالاتر از تک­ کشتی ذرت بود. علاوه بر آن، درصد تخم­ ها و لاروهای پارازیته شده در کشت­ های نواری به خصوص 2C:6S و 2C:8S به طور معنی ­داری بیشتر از تک­کشتی ذرت بود. همچنین، درصد گیاهان آلوده در کشت­ های نواری 2C:6S و 2C:8S به طور معنی ­داری کمتر از بقیه تیمارهای مورد مطالعه بود. از سوی دیگر، مقادیر بالای شاخص برابری زمین (LER) در کشت­ های نواری 2C:6S (16/1 در سال 1395 و 15/1 در سال 1396) و 2C:8S (17/1 در سال 1395 و 16/1 در سال 1396) مشاهده شد. بنابراین می­ توان جمع ­بندی کرد که کشت­ های نواری 2C:6S و 2C:8S برای استفاده در برنامة مدیریت تلفیقی کرم ساقه ­خوار اروپایی ذرت در مزارع مفید هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of intercropping of corn and sainfoin on control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and on yield of both crops

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Zarei
  • Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi
  • Mahdi Hassanpour
  • ALI Golizadeh
Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, is one of the most important pests of corn. In this study, the influences of corn monoculture (C), sainfoin monoculture (S) and strip-intercropping of corn with sainfoin in the four row ratios: 2C:2S, 2C:4S, 2C:6S and 2C:8S were evaluated on the population density of the European corn borer, diversity and abundance of its natural enemies and yield of both crops in an experimental field during 2016 and 2017. Our results indicated that the densities of eggs and larvae of this pest decreased significantly in the intercrops especially in 2C: 6S and 2C: 8S compared with corn monoculture. The Shannon diversity index (H´) for predators in the intercrops was significantly greater than that in the corn monoculture. Moreover, the percentage of parasitized eggs and larvae were higher in the intercrops, especially in 2C:6S and 2C:8S, compared with the corn monoculture. Furthermore, the percentage of infested plants was also lower in 2C:6S and 2C:8S compared with the other treatments. On the other hand, high values of land equivalent ratio were found in 2C:6S (1.16 in 2016 and 1.15 in 2017) and 2C:8S (1.17 in 2016 and 1.16 in 2017). Therefore, it could be concluded that 2C:6S and 2C:8S intercrops are useful in integrated management of the European corn borer in the field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pest population
  • natural enemies
  • yield
  • species richness
  • species abundance

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