پراکنش پهنه‌ای و مدل نمونه‌برداری دنباله‌ای با دقت ثابت برای شته برگ ذرت، (Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae در مزارع جو

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 موسسة تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش شته‌های مزارع جو در منطقه ماهی­ دشت کرمانشاه شناسایی شدند. همچنین نوع و آماره­ های پراکنش پهنه ­ای شته­ برگ ذرت، Rhopalosiphum maidis مطالعه شد و مدل­های نمونه ­برداری دنباله­ای برای پایش آن تهیه شد. برای این منظور آماربرداری‌های منظم هفتگی در سال­های 1395، 1396 و 1397 انجام شد. در هر تاریخ نمونه ­برداری تعداد 100 بوته به­ صورت تصادفی بازدید و شته­ ها برای تشخیص و شمارش به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. برای تعیین نوع و آماره­ های پراکنش پهنه ­ای از قانون نمایی (Taylor (1961 استفاده شد و مدل­های نمونه ­برداری دنباله­ ای به روش (Green (1970 تهیه شدند. نتایج این پژوهش فعالیت تغذیه ­ای پنج گونه از شته ­ها شامل شته گندم-گل سرخ، Metopolophium dirhodum، شته معمولی گندم، Schizaphia graminum، شته یولاف-گندم، Sitobion avenae، شته برگ ذرت، R. maidis و شته(.)   R. padi را روی جو نشان داد. شته برگ ذرت فراوانی بیشتری در طول فصل داشت و در سال­های 1395، 1396 و 1397 به ترتیب 8/93، 2/94 و 2/93 درصد شته­ های جمع ­آوری شده را به خود اختصاص داد. در طول سه سال، تراکم جمعیت کمی از 4 گونه دیگر در طول فصل مشاهده شد. نوع پراکنش پهنه­ ای شته برگ ذرت در مزرعه جو تجمعی (03/0 ± 45/1b =) تعیین شد. اندازه نمونه لازم برای پایش شته برگ ذرت در مدل­های با سطح دقت 1/0 و 25/0 در دامنه میانگین جمعیت مشاهده شده در مزرعه جو (32/44 – 02/1 عدد شته در هر ساقه) به ­ترتیب 524-70 و 84-11 ساقه جو بود. بنابر این مدل­ نمونه ­برداری دنباله­ای در سطح دقت 1/0 به دلیل اندازه نمونه بزرگ وقت­ گیر ارزیابی شد، ولی مدل­ تهیه شده در سطح دقت مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (25/0) برای ردیابی این شته در مزارع جو توصیه می­شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial distribution and fixed precision sequential sampling model of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in barley fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram Shahrokhi Khaneghah 1
  • Shahla Bagheri 2
  • M. Amir-Maafi 1
1 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Plant Protection Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this research, barley aphids in Mahidasht region of Kermanshah province were identified. Spatial distribution type and statistics for corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were also studied and sequential sampling models were developed. Regular weekly sampling was carried out in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Each sampling date, 100 tillers were randomly visited and aphids were transferred to the laboratory for counting and identification. Taylor’s power law was used to determine spatial distribution type and statistics and sequential sampling models were developed according to Green (1970). Results revealed feeding of five species of aphids on barley including greenbug, Schizaphia graminum, rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum, the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae,corn leaf aphid, R. maidis and bird cherry-oat aphid, R. padi. Corn leaf aphid was more abundant during the season with 93.8%, 94.2% and 93.2% of aphids collected in 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Low populations density of the other four species was observed every three years. Spatial distribution type of corn leaf aphid in barley field was determined as cumulative (b = 1.45). Sample size required in models with precision levels of 0.1 and 0.25 at mean aphid densities observed in the barley field (1.02 - 44.32 aphids per tiller) was 70 -524 and 11-84 tillers, respectively. In conclusion, sequential sampling model developed at the precision level of 0.1 was evaluated time consuming due to large sample size required, but the model at pest management precision level (0.25) was recommended for monitoring leaf corn aphid in barley fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aphid
  • spatial distribution
  • sequential sampling
  • population fluctuation
  • barley

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