تخمین آستانه پایین دمای رشدونمو و نیاز گرمایی کفشدوزک، Cryptolaemus montrouzieri )Mulsant (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae با بکارگیری مدل‌های خطی روز-درجه و ایکموتو و تاکای

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کفشدوزک شکارگر کریپتولموس، Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsantمهم­ترین دشمن طبیعی شپشک­های آرد آلود می­باشد. شناخت سازگاری­های بوم شناختی عوامل مورد استفاده در برنامه­ های مهار زیستی  آفات، موجب افزایش کارایی آنها در مهار آفات هدف خواهد شد. در این پژوهش، تاثیر دما به عنوان مهم ترین عامل محیطی موثر بر رشدونمو کفشدوزک یاد شده، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. طول­ دوره­ ی رشدونمو دوره جنینی (تخم)، سنین مختلف لاروی، شفیرگی و کل دوره­ ی نابالغ کفشدوزک کریپتولموس در دامنه­ دمایی 35-15 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 60-50 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی ثبت شد. بر اساس تجزیه واریانس داده­ ها، دما طول دوره­ رشدونمو مراحل رشدی کفشدوزک کریپتولموس را در سطح احتمال یک درصد تحت تاثیر قرار داد و افزایش دما کاهش طول دوره رشد و نمو  را بدنبال داشت. مدل های خطی روز-درجه و ایکموتو-تاکای به منظور توصیف رشدونمو تابع دمای کفشدوزک کریپتولموس مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. هر چند هر دو مدل برازش مناسبی روی داده­ ها داشتند، ولی با توجه به معیارهای آماری، مقادیر برآورد شده توسط مدل ایکموتو-تاکای به عنوان شاخص­‌های دمایی کفشدوزک کریپتولموس در نظر گرفته شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، نیاز گرمایی مراحل رشدی جنینی، لارو سنین اول، دوم، سوم، چهارم لاروی، کل دوره لاروی، شفیرگی و کل دوره نابالغ کفشدوزک کریپتولموس به ترتیب 88/80، 38/45، 67/43، 04/53، 27/113، 89/256، 29/143 و 59/483 روز-درجه بود. علاوه بر این مقادیر دمای آستانه پایین دمای رشدونمو برای مراحل یاد شده با به کارگیری مدل ایکموتو-تاکای به ترتیب 79/9، 74/10، 28/10، 67/9، 06/10، 07/10، 18/9 و 64/9 درجه سلسیوس برآورد شد. نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش، علاوه بر مشخص کردن جنبه­ هایی از ویژگی­ های دمایی کفشدوزک کریپتولموس، اطلاعات ما را در راستای توسعه­ برنامه مهار زیستی شپشک­‌های آردآلود افزایش می­دهد.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of the lower temperature threshold and thermal requirement of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera; Coccinelidae) using Degree-Day and Ikemoto-Takai linear models

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Ranjbar Aghdam
  • A. Mortazavi Malekshah
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Agricultural, Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The mealybug destroyer, Cryptoleamus montrouzieri Mulsant is the most important natural enemy of the mealybugs. Increasing knowledge regarding ecological compatibilities of the natural enemies lead to increase their efficacy for controlling the pests. In this study, the effect of temperature as the most effective environmental factor on development of the mealybug destroyerwas studied. Developmental time of incubation period, all larval instars, pupal period, and overall immature stages of the mealybug destroyer were recorded in temperatures ranging 15-35°C, 50-60% RH, and a photoperiod of (L:D) 16:8h. According to the ANOVA, temperature affected significantly developmental time of the mealybug destroyer at 1% probability level and increasing temperature lead to decreasing developmental time. Degree-Day and Ikemoto-Takai linear models were used to describe temperature-dependent development of the mealybug destroyer. While, both of the linear models had shown an acceptable fit to data, because of better statistical criteria, estimation of the Ikemoto-Takai linear model was considered for thermal indices. Estimated values for thermal requirement of incubation period, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th larval instars, total larval period, pupal period and overall immature stages of the C. montrouzieri were 45.38, 43.67, 53.04, 113.27, 256.89, 143.29 and 483.59 degree-days, respectively. Moreover, the values of the lower temperature threshold for the mentioned developmental stages were 9.79, 10.74, 10.28, 9.67, 10.06, 10.07, 9.18 and 9.64°C, respectively, using Ikemoto and Takaei linear model.According to the results, clarifying some aspects of thermal characteristics of the mealybug destroyer, would increase our knowledge to improve biological control program of the mealybugs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Zero temperature
  • Thermal requirement
  • Linear model
  • Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

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