تأثیر دمـا بر ویـژگی های زیستی و تـوان تغـذیه ای Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae) شکارگـر مهم شتـه کاهـو Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

ویژگی­ های زیستی و نرخ تغذیة مگسEpisyrphus balteatus  روی آفت مهم و اقتصادی کاهو، شته Nasonovia ribisnigri ، در 4 دمای ثابت (15، 20، 25 و 30 ± 1 درجه سلسیوس)، رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد، طول دوره رشد و نمو جنینی (تخم)، سنین اول و سوم لاروی و شفیرة E. balteatus به طور معنی­داری با افزایش دما کاهش می ­یابد. افزایش دما همچنین سبب کاهش دوره رشدی پیش از بلوغ شکارگر از 43/24 روز (دمای 15 درجه سلسیوس) به 94/13 روز (دمای 30 درجه سلسیوس) شد. میزان تغذیة E. balteatus نیز تحت تأثیر دو متغیر سنین مختلف لاروی و دماهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میزان تغذیة 24 ساعتة این شکارگر در 4 دمای ذکر شده به ترتیب 48/11، 9/13، 97/11 و 32/9 عدد پوره به ازای هر لارو بود. ولی از نظر طول دوره رشدی و میزان تغذیة سن دوم لاروی این گونه، هیچگونه اختلاف معنی­ داری در دماهای مورد بررسی مشاهده نشد. کمترین درصد مرگ ­و میر و بیشترین مقدار تغذیة 24 ساعته به­ترتیب به میزان 12 درصد و 62/0±6/11 پوره سن سه در مرحله سوم لاروی در دمای 20 درجه سلسیوس مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده و با توجه به نرخ تغذیة بالای E. balteatus به ویژه در دمای 20 درجه سلسیوس، به نظر می ­رسد این شکارگر می­ تواند به عنوان یکی از اجزای مناسب برای برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی شته کاهو در نظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of temperature on biological characteristics and feeding capacity of Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae) as important predator of the currant lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Farsi
  • F. kocheili
  • M. S. Mossadegh
  • A. Rasekh
Department of plant protection, faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biological characteristics and feeding rate of Episyrphus balteatus on Nasonovia ribisnigri as an economically important pest of lettuce were evaluated at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 ± 1°C), 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D h. Results showed that the developmental time of the incubation period (egg), first and third instars larvae and pupae of E. balteatus significantly decreased with increasing temperature. Moreover, the duration of developmental time (total immature stages) of this predator decreased with increasing temperature from 24.43 days at 15°C to 13.94 days at 30°C. The feeding rate of E. balteatus was effected by larval instars and temperatures. The 24-hour feeding rate of total larval instars of the predator were 11.48, 13.9, 11.97 and 9.32 nymphs / larva at examined temperatures, respectively.There were no significant differences regarding the developmental time and 24-hour feeding rate of the second larval instar at studied temperatures. The least mortality rate and the greatest 24-hour feeding rate were 12% and 11.6±0.62 third instar nymphs of N. ribisnigri / larva, respectively, in third instar larvae of E. balteatus at 20°C. According to the obtained results and considering high feeding rate of E. balteatus especially at 20°C, seems this predator can be considered as one of the suitable elements for the integrated pest management program of currant lettuce aphid.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Episyrphus balteatus
  • Nasonovia ribisnigri
  • temperature
  • biology
  • feeding rate

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