کارایی فرمولاسیون‌های مختلف اسانس‌ها روی شپشک آردآلود پنبه Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، انگلیسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، یکی از مهمترین روش‌های جایگزینی آفت‌کش‌های مصنوعی، استفاده از فرمولاسیون‌های جدید بر پایه اسانس‌های گیاهی است، که می‌تواند  کیفیت و میزان تاثیر آن‌ها را افزایش دهد. به دلیل محدودیت‌های کاربرد اسانس‌ها به شکل خالص، تهیه فرمولاسیون تجاری آن‌ها ضروری است. در این تحقیق، ابتدا سمیت تماسی 15 اسانس مختلف گیاهی روی پوره‌های سن اول شپشک آردآلود پنبه Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) در دمای 1±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی بررسی شد. اسانس‌های نعناع فلفلی Mentha piperita (L.) (Lamiaceae) ، پونهMentha longifolia (L.) (Lamiacea)  و لعل کوهستان Oliveria decumbens (Vent.) (Umbelliferae) ، دارای بیشترین سمیت تماسی بودند و برای آزمایش­های بعدی در نظر گرفته شدند. بر اساس آنالیز GC و GC/MS، ترکیبات مهم اسانس پونه شامل پولگون 49/51، منتون 75/22 و 1و8 سینئول 69/11 درصد؛ اسانس نعناع فلفلی شامل منتون 51/36 ، منتن 51/28 ، منتول 12/8  و1و8 سینئول 66/7 درصد و لعل کوهستان شامل تیمول 99/43، گاما ترپینن 96/13 و پی_سیمن 62/12 درصد بودند. پس از تهیة فرمولاسیون، سمیت تماسی اسانس‌ها قبل و بعد از فرموله شدن، روی پوره‌های سن اول شپشک آردآلود پنبه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش­ های تعیین غلظت کشنده، مقادیر LC50 سمیت تماسی برای اسانس پونه، نعناع فلفلی و لعل کوهستان فرموله نشده و فرمولاسیون اسانس پونه، نعناع فلفلی و لعل کوهستان روی پوره‌های سن اول شپشک آردآلود پنبهP. solenopsis  پس از 48 ساعت، به ترتیب 49/113، 74/129، 93/149 و 22/48، 55/55 و 68/61 پی‌پی‌ام محاسبه شد. بنابراین، سمیت تماسی فرمولاسیون اسانس پونه، نعناع فلفلی و لعل کوهستان نسبت به اسانس خالص پونه، نعناع فلفلی و لعل کوهستان به ترتیب 34/2، 36/2 و 43/2 برابر بیشتر بود. بر اساس آزمایش­ های فیزیکوشیمیایی، فرمولاسیون‌های تهیه شده پایداری خوبی از خود در شرایط آزمایشگاهی نشان دادند. بنابراین اسانس‌های فرموله شدة این سه گیاه می‌تواند به عنوان حشره‌کش­های جدید ‌دوست‌دار محیط زیست برای کنترل آفات مورد توجه قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficacy of different formulations of essential oils against the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Roozdar 1
  • B. Habibpour 1
  • M. S. Mossadegh 1
  • M. Mahmoodi Sourestani 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, one of the most important methods of replacing synthetic pesticides is the use of new formulations based on plant essential oils (EOs) that can increase the quality and effectiveness of them. Due to application restrictions of EOs in their pure form, preparation of commercial formulations of these compounds is essential. In this research, At first, the contact toxicity of fifteen different plant EOs was evaluated on reared Phenacoccus solenopsis 1st instar nymphs at 25±1°C and 65±5% RH, with a 16:8-h L:D photoperiod. Three EOs of Mentha longifolia (L.), Mentha piperita (L.), and Oliveria decumbens (Vent.), had the highest contact toxicity and were selected for the rest of the experiments. According to GC and GC/MS analysis, pulegone (51.49%), menthone (22.75%), and 1,8-cineole (11.69%) were the principal components of M. longifolia, menthone (36.51%), menthene (28.51%), menthol (8.12%), and 1, 8-cineole (7.66%) were the principal components of M. piperita and the main components of O. decumbens EO were thymol (43.99%), γ-terpinene (13.96%), and p-cymene (12.62%). After making formulation, contact toxicity of the EOs before and after formulation, was evaluated on P. solenopsis 1st instar nymphs under laboratory conditions. Based on lethal concentration trials, LC50 values of pure and formulated EOs of M. longifolia, M. piperita, and O. decumbens on 1st instar nymphs after 48 hours were 113.49, 129.74, 149.93, and 48.22, 55.55, 61.68 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the contact toxicity of formulated EOs of M. longifolia, M. piperita, and O. decumbens were 2.34, 2.36, and 2.43-fold higher than the pure EOs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phenacoccus solenopsis
  • Essential oils
  • Botanical insecticides
  • Contact toxicity
  • GC-MS analysis

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