تخمین آستانه پایین دمای رشدونمو و نیاز گرمایی مگس میوه زیتون Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip:Tephritidae) با بکارگیری مدلهای خطی روز-درجه و ایکموتو

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

2 موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور،سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،تهران، ایران

چکیده

مگس میوه زیتون Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip:Tephritidae) ، یکی از مهم‌ترین و اصلی‌ترین آفاتی است که به زیتون حمله می‌کند و در سرتاسر مناطق زیتون­کاری جهان، به­خصوص در کشورهای مدیترانه باعث کاهش جدی تولید زیتون می­شود، و در بعضی سال­ها به دلیل شرایط مناسب آب و هوایی موجب خسارت اقتصادی بالایی می‌شود. این آفت با تغذیه از میوه‌های زیتون باعث کاهش کمیت و کیفیت زیتون کنسروی و همچنین روغن زیتون می‌شود. در این تحقیق، تأثیر دما به عنوان مهم­ترین عامل محیطی مؤثر بر رشدونمو مگس میوه زیتون، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. طول دورۀ رشدونمو دوره جنینی)تخم(، تخم+ لارو، شفیرگی و کل دوره نابالغ مگس میوه زیتون از منطقه طارم سفلی در سه نقطه سیاهپوش، قوشچی و کلج در دامنۀ دمایی 30- 10 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 70-60 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی ثبت شد. بر اساس تجزیه واریانس داده­ها، دما روی طول دورۀ رشدونمو مراحل رشدی مگس میوه زیتون را در سطح احتمال پنج درصد تحت تأثیر قرار داد و افزایش دما، کاهش طول دورۀ رشدونمو را به دنبال داشت. مدل­های خطی روز-درجه و ایکموتو به منظور توصیف رشدونمو تابع دمای مگس میوه زیتون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده در سیاهپوش، قوشچی و کلج نیاز گرمایی مرحله رشد جنینی تخم به ترتیب 45/63، 28/71 و 68/63 روز-درجه، برای مرحله تخم+ لارو نیز به ترتیب 18/209، 83/215 و 68/159 روز-درجه، مرحله شفیرگی به ترتیب 44/159، 15/183 و 55/177 روز-درجه و کل دوره نابالغ نیز 51/348، 94/396 و 40/338 روز-درجه با به کارگیری مدل ایکموتو به­دست آمد. علاوه بر این آستانه پایین دمای رشدونمو برای نقاط اشاره شده در مرحله تخم به ترتیب 67/6، 33/6 و 71/6 درجه سلسیوس، برای مرحله تخم+ لارو 04/8، 96/6 و 43/9 درجه سلسیوس، در مرحله شفیرگی 72/9، 35/9 و 45/9 درجه سلسیوس و برای کل دوره نابالغ 31/9، 41/8 و 39/9 درجه سلسیوس برآورد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of the lower temperature threshold and thermal requirement of olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae Rossi. (Dip:Tephritidae) using Degree-Day and Ikemoto linear models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohammadipour 1
  • Gholam Hossein Gharakhani 1
  • Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam 2
  • Ali Akbar Keyhanian 2
1 Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip: Tephritidae), is one of the most important and main pests that attack olives  around the world, especially in Mediterranean countries. The fly larvae  seriously reduces olive production, and in some successful years due to the favorable weather conditions, they cause high economic damage to olives. This pest typically reduces the measurable quantity and superior quality of canned olives as well as olive oil after attacking olive fruits. In this study, the desired effect of specific temperatures was studied as the key environmental factor undoubtedly affecting the continuous growth of olive fruit flies. Development time of incubation period for egg,  larva, pupal stage, as well as total immature stages of the olive fruit fly were recorded in temperatures ranging 10-30°C, 60-70% RH, and a photoperiod of  16: 8 h (L:D). Based on the ANOVA, the specific temperature along the growth period inevitably affected significantly developmental time of the olive fruit fly at 5% probability level and the increase in temperature allegedly followed a decrease in developmental time. Degree-Day and Ikemoto linear models were used to describe temperature-dependent development of the olive fruit fly. Based on the obtained results in Siahpoush, Qushchi and Kallaj regions, the heat requirements for embryonic development of eggs were obtained 63.45, 71.28 and 63.68 days-degrees, for the egg+ larva stage were 209.18, 215.83 and 159.68 days-degrees, pupae stage were obtained 159.44, 183.15 and 175.55 days-degrees and the total immature stages were 348.51, 396.94 and 338.40 days-degrees, respectively, using Ikemoto model. In addition, the low threshold temperature of growth which estimated using Ikemoto linear model for the points mentioned were as follow: for embryonic developmental stages of eggs were 6.67, 6.33 and 6.71°C, for the egg + larva stage were 8.04, 6.96 and 9.43°C, for pupa stage were 9.72, 9.35 and 9.45°C and for the total immature stages were 9.31, 8.41 and 9.39°C, respectively.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bactrocera oleae
  • linear model
  • thermal requirement
  • temperature

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