شاخص‌های زیستی قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات، Beauveria bassiana و Metarhizium anisopliae و ارزیابی تنوع زهرآگینی آن‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز

چکیده

شاخص‌های زیستی کنیدیوم از جمله ریخت‌شناسی، جوانه‌زنی، ویژگی‌های سطح کنیدیوم از عوامل موثر در میزان زهرآگینی یک جدایه به شمار می‌روند. از این‌رو، شاخص‌های رشدی (رشد رویشی، کنیدی‌زایی و جوانه‌‌زنی)، خاصیت آب‌گریزی، فعالیت آنزیم پروتئاز Pr1 سه جدایه از قارچ Beauveria bassiana (JS1، JS2 و KA75) و جدایه TT1 قارچ Metarhizium anisopliae ارزیابی شد. هم‌چنین ارتباط این شاخص‌ها با میزان زهرآگینی جدایه‌ها روی لاروهای سن آخر Galleria mellonella و سن چهارم Ephestia kuehniella مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از نظر میزان رشد رویشی بین جدایه‌های B. bassiana تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت اما بالاترین میزان آن (05/7 سانتی‌متر) مربوط به جدایه TT1 بود. جدایه JS2 بالاترین میزان تولید کنیدیوم (106×11/4 کنیدی/میلی‌لیتر) را نسبت به دیگر جدایه‌ها نشان داد. درصد جوانه‌زنی همه جدایه‌ها بالای 80 درصد بود اما بیش‌ترین مقدار آن (100%) در ارتباط با جدایه TT1 ثبت شد که با میزان کنیدی‌زایی جدایه KA75 در یک سطح آماری قرار گرفتند. کم‌ترین میزان خاصیت آب‌گریزی سطح کنیدیوم مربوط به جدایه KA75 بود که اختلاف معنی‌داری با سایر جدایه‌ها داشت. ولی بالاترین درصد آن مربوط به جدایه TT1 با 07/91% بود. میزان فعالیت آنزیم Pr1 جدایه‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند. زیست‌سنجی‌ها نشان دادند که جدایه‌های TT1 و JS2 بیش‌ترین زهرآگینی را به ترتیب روی لاروهای شب‌پره موم‌خوار بزرگ و بید آرد داشتند. از بین شاخص‌های مورد ارزیابی، خاصیت آب‌گریزی و میزان کنیدی‌زایی این دو جدایه نیز در مقایسه با سایر جدایه‌ها بیش‌تر بود که با میزان زهرآگینی بالای آن‌ها ارتباط مستقیم داشت. بنابراین، جدایه TT1 قارچM. anisopliae و جدایه JS2 قارچ B. bassiana نسبت به سایر جدایه‌های مورد بررسی کارآیی زیستی بیش‌تری داشتند و از این‌رو، برای بهره‌گیری در برنامه‌های مهار زیستی آفات گیاهی مناسب‌تر خواهند بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biological indices of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae , and assessment of their virulence diversity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parya Soleimani
  • Ali Mehrvar
  • Nahid Vaez
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biological indices such as conidial morphology, germination, and surface characteristics influence the virulence of an isolate. Therefore, the growth indices (vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, and germination), hydrophobicity property and Pr1 protease enzyme activity of three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (JS1, JS2 and KA75) and TT1 isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae evaluated. Also, the relationship between these indices and the virulence of the isolates on the last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella and fourth instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella investigated. There was no significant difference in vegetative growth rate between B. bassiana isolates, but the highest rate (7.05 cm) was related to the TT1 isolate. JS2 isolate showed the highest conidial production (4.11×106 spores / ml) compared to the other isolates evaluated. All isolates showed germination above 80%, and the highest value (100%) was related to the TT1 isolate, which was statistically on par with the conidiogenesis of the KA75 isolate. The lowest hydrophobicity of the conidial surface was related to KA75 isolate, which was significantly different from other isolates. However, the highest percentage was related to TT1 isolate with 91.7%. Also, no differences were observed between the isolates in terms of Pr1 enzyme activity. Bioassays showed that TT1 and JS2 isolates had the highest virulence on the last instar larvae of G. mellonella and fourth instar larvae of E. kuehniella, respectively. Among the evaluated indices, the hydrophobicity and conidiogenesis of these two isolates were higher than the other isolates, which was directly related to their high virulence. Thus, the TT1 isolate of the M. anisopliae and the JS2 isolates of B. bassiana had greater bioefficiency than the other isolates and therefore, they will be more suitable for use in plant pest biological control programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fungal growth characteristics
  • hydrophobicity
  • protease activity
  • Galleria mellonella
  • Ephestia kuehniella

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