ترکیب شیمیایی و هم‌افزایی سمیت برخی اسانس‌های گیاهی روی کنه تارتن دو لکه‌ای Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

10.61186/jesi.44.4.7

چکیده

: تمرکز گسترده بر استفاده از آفت­کش­ها در سراسر جهان، مقاومت جمعیت­ها در کوتاه مدت را به دنبال داشته است. نتیجه چنین شرایطی، افزایش تقاضا برای معرفی روش­های جایگزین انتخابی­تر، دوستدار محیط زیست، ایمن برای انسان و کم هزینه­ با قابلیت تاخیر در ایجاد مقاومت در جمعیت­های آفت بوده است. به رغم آنکه در سال­های اخیر فعالیت حشره­کشی اسانس­های گیاهی مورد توجه بوده است، اما بررسی­ها در خصوص هم­افزایی خواص زیستی اسانس­های گیاهی در کاربرد همزمان و ترکیبی محدود بوده است. از این رو، بررسی پیش­رو با هدف 1) شناسایی ترکیبات مؤثر گونه­های گیاهی مورد Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae)، رازیانه Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae)، اکالیپتوس Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) و بنه Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) با استفاده از روش کروماتوگرافی گازی-طیف­سنجی جرمی در دو مرحله رشد رویشی و گل­دهی کامل، 2) ارزیابی پایداری زیستی و 3) سمیت تنفسی اسانس­ گونه­های گیاهی نام برده در کاربرد مستقل و دوتایی علیه مراحل تخم و بالغ کنه Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) انجام شد. بازده اسانس­گیری در مراحل رشد رویشی و گل­دهی کامل برای اکالیپتوس، مورد، رازیانه و بنه از 69/0 تا 27/1 درصد متغیر بود. در مجموع در اسانس بنه، اکالیپتوس، مورد و رازیانه، به ترتیب 23، 24، 34 و 17 ترکیب مختلف شناسایی شد. در مرحله گل­دهی کامل گیاهان رازیانه، مورد و اکالیپتوس بیشترین فراوانی به ترکیبات منوترپنی حاوی اکسیژن و در اسانس بنه به هیدروکربن­های منوترپنه اختصاص داشت. در بین اسانس­ گونه­های مورد بررسی بیشترین سمیت تنفسی روی مراحل بالغ و تخم به ترتیب به اسانس مورد (95/3 LC50= میکرو لیتر بر لیتر هوا) و رازیانه (91/0 LC50= میکرو لیتر بر لیتر هوا) اختصاص داشت. دامنه غلظت کشنده 50 درصد برای استفاده ترکیبی از اسانس­ها روی مراحل تخم و بالغ به ترتیب از 75/0 تا 23/3 و 78/3 تا 84/6  میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا متغیر بود. به استناد شاخص فاکتور هم­افزایی و کاهش دز مصرف، کاربرد ترکیبی اسانس اکالیپتوس- بنه در مقایسه با دیگر ترکیب­ها از بیشترین سمیت روی مراحل تخم و بالغ برخوردار بود. تلفات سمیت تنفسی باقی­مانده اسانس­های گیاهی مورد، اکالیپتوس، بنه و رازیانه در روز سوم بررسی­ها به ترتیب 71، 69، 51 و 61 درصد و در کمتر از 9 روز به صفر رسید. چنین رهایش اولیه و سریعی می­تواند کاهش قابل توجه سمیت باقی‌مانده اسانس­های گیاهی را در پی داشته باشد. به نظر می­رسد اسانس­های گیاهی نام برده از پتانسیل مناسبی جهت کاربرد علیه کنه تار عنکبوتی در شرایط گلخانه برخوردار باشند.

چکیده تصویری

ترکیب شیمیایی و هم‌افزایی سمیت برخی اسانس‌های گیاهی روی کنه تارتن دو لکه‌ای Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical composition and Synergistic toxicity of four essential oils on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Malekmohammadi
  • Farhad Sharifi
Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Problems associated with the use of pesticides have urged the need for biodegradable, environmentally and ecologically safe pesticides. Owing to the high heterogeneity and complex composition, binary combinations of plant derived-essential oils often exhibit increased insecticidal activity through synergistic interactions. The aims of the present study, therefore were to: 1) determine essential oil yield and chemical composition of Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) and Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) essential oils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) at two different phenological stages and 2) evaluate durability and 3) fumigant toxicity of above-mentioned essential oils and their binary combinations against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) eggs and adults. The essential oils yields (w/w %) varied between 0.69% for M. communis at vegetative stage and 1.27% for F. vulgare at full flowering stage. At the full flowering stage, 23, 24, 34, and 17 components were identified in essential oils of P. atlanticae, E. globulus, M. communis and F. vulgare, respectively. Oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted the majority of chemical classes in essential oils of the studied plants. Among the oils tested, the most toxic essential oils against adults and eggs of T. urticae were M. communis (LC50= 3.95 μL L−1 air) and F. vulgare (LC50= 0.91 μL L−1 air), respectively. The LC50 values for the binary mixtures of the essential oils ranged between 0.75 to 3.23 μL L−1 and between 3.78 to 6.84 μL L−1, for T. urticae eggs and adults, respectively. Based on the synergistic factor and dose reduction index, the most promising binary mixtures to T. urticae eggs and adults was E. globulus EO: P. atlantica EO. The essential oils of M. communis, E. globulus, F. vulgare and P. atlantica caused 71%, 69%, 61% and 51% mortality at 3rd day exposure, respectively. No mortality was recorded on 9th day of exposure for all plant essential oils. Such this fast-initial release could reduce the toxicological effects expected to each essential oils. Overall it seems that essential oils of the above mentioned plants have the potential to be used in management of T. urticae in greenhouse conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • two-spotted spider mite
  • chemical composition of essential oil
  • binary combinations
  • fumigant toxicity

© 2024 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

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