ارزیابی یک ترکیب گیاهی جدید برای کنترل کنه ‌واروآ (Varroa destractor) در کلنی‌های زنبورعسل (Apis mellifera)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات زنبورعسل، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.61186/jesi.44.4.5

چکیده

طی سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از کنه‌کش‌های شیمیایی برای کنترل کنه‌واروآ منجر به ایجاد مقاومت در این آفت و آلودگی محصولات کندو شده است. اخیراً، عصاره‌های گیاهی به عنوان جایگزین مناسب کنه‌کش‌های شیمیایی به منظور کنترل کنه‌واروآ در نظر گرفته شده است. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی خواص کنه‌کشی و حشره‌کشی عصاره 50 درصد گیاه لوگه‌نه و تأثیر آن‌ها بر کنه‌واروآ و میزبان آن در کلنی‌های زنبورعسل طی بازه‌ زمانی 1401 الی 1403 در شرایط اقلیمی استان کردستان انجام شد. گیاه نامبرده در خرداد ماه 1401 از مناطق مختلف استان کردستان در مرحله گلدهی جمع‌آوری، عصاره‌گیری و سپس ترکیبات شیمیایی آن با استفاده از دستگاه (GC-MS) شناسایی شد. مطالعه حاضر براساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و هفت تکرار اجرا گردید. قبل از اجرای آزمایش‌های زیست‌سنجی، کلنی‌های آزمایشی از لحاظ سن ملکه، جمعیت (بالغین و نوزادان) و ذخیره عسل یکسان‌سازی شدند. همچنین، نرخ آلودگی اولیه کندوها به کنه‌واروآ برای زنبورهای بالغ و نوزادان ارزیابی شد. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد عصاره 50 درصد گیاه لوگه‌نه خواص کنه‌کشی نسبتاً مطلوبی دارد بطوریکه حتی از لحاظ درصد تلفات روی کنه‌ها در دفعه اول عصاره پاشی اختلاف معنی‌داری با تیمارهای اسید اگزالیک 2/3 درصد و کنه‌کش آپیستان نداشت. نتایج درصد تلفات روی زنبورها نشان داد که درصد تلفات زنبورها در هیچ یک از زمان‌های عصاره پاشی به وسیله عصاره 50 درصد گیاه لوگه‌نه فراتر از هفت درصد نبود و از لحاظ درصد تلفات روی زنبورها اختلاف معنی‌داری نسبت تیمار اسید اگزالیک 2/3 درصد و کنه کش آپیستان مشاهده شد (01/0 < P). جایگزینی ملکه در هیچ یک از تیمارهای آزمایشی مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، با توجه به یافته-های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان غلظت 50 درصد عصاره گیاه لوگه‌نه را به عنوان جایگزین مناسب کنه‌کش‌های سنتتیک و اسیدهای آلی برای کنترل کنه‌واروآ در کلنی‌های زنبورعسل توصیه کرد.

چکیده تصویری

ارزیابی یک ترکیب گیاهی جدید برای کنترل کنه ‌واروآ (Varroa destractor) در کلنی‌های زنبورعسل (Apis mellifera)

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of a new plant-based formulation to control Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ataollah Rahimi 1
  • Shabnam Prichrhreh 2
1 Animal Science Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran
2 2- Honey bee Research Department, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Plant extracts are considered as a suitable alternative to chemical acaricides for the Varroa mite control. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the acaricidal and insecticidal activity of extract of Prangos ferulacea plant against Varroa mite and its host in the honey bee colonies in the climatic conditions of Kurdistan province from 2022 to 2024. The P. ferulacea plant was collected in June 2022 from different regions of Kurdistan province in the flowering stage, extracted and then its chemical compounds were identified using GC-MS. The present study was conducted in the form of a factorial experiment based on a completely random basic design with four treatments and seven replications. Before conducting the bioassay experiments, the experimental colonies were homogenized in terms of queen age, population (adults and brood), and honey storage. Also, the initial infestation rate of colonies with Varroa mites was evaluated for adult and brood. The results showed that the extract of 50% of P. ferulacea was relatively favorable acaricidal properties. So that, there was no significant difference with oxalic acid and Apistan treatments in terms of mite mortality percentage in the first time of spraying. Also, the result showed that the bee’s mortality percentage was not more than 7% in any of the times of spraying with the 50% extract of the P. ferulacea, and there was observed a significant difference compared to the oxalic acid and Apistan treatments in terms of bee’s mortality percentage (P<0.01).The queen superseding was not observed in any of the experimental treatments. According to the findings of the present research, the concentration of 50% of the extract P. ferulaceous can be suggested as a suitable alternative to synthetic acaricides and organic acids to control the Varroa mite in honey bee colonies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apiculture
  • Colony hygiene
  • Plant extract
  • Acaricidal activity
  • Insecticidal activity

© 2024 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

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