تخمین میزان زیان اقتصادی سرخرطومی‌ یونجه Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) بر پایه نرخ تغذیه آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، انگلیسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ، تبریز، ایران

10.61186/jesi.45.1.7

چکیده

سرخرطومی یونجه Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ، یکی از آفات اصلی یونجهMedicago sativa L. (Fabaceae)  است. حشرات بالغ و لاروهای این آفت از شاخ و برگ یونجه تغذیه می­کنند، به گونه­ای که در اوایل فصل باعث آسیب رساندن و کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت یونجه می­شوند. در این مطالعه، میزان تغذیه لاروها روی برگ یونجه در آزمایشگاه برآورد شد. حشرات کامل بعد از ظهور ظاهراً به دلیل دیاپوز تغذیه نکردند. لاروهای سن اول (n=150) بلافاصله پس از تفریخ در آزمایشگاه با برگ­های یونجه محصور شدند. وزن برگها (گرم) درست قبل و بعد از تغذیه لارو به مدت 24 ساعت اندازه­گیری شد. لاروها به مدت 33-35 روز در آزمایشگاه تغذیه و چهار سن لاروی را سپری کردند. نتایج نشان داد که هر لارو می­تواند 153/178±0/8 گرم بافت برگ را در تمام مراحل لاروی مصرف کند. برآوردهای ما نشان داد که چنانچه هزینه حشره­کش­ها 6700000-14700000 ریال در هکتار بسته به ارزش بازار و یک کیلوگرم خوراک یونجه نیز معادل 40000 ریال ­باشد، 5/367-5/167 کیلوگرم محصول معادل هزینه­های کنترل است. چنانچه همه لاروها زنده بمانند تا شفیره شوند (مصرف کل زندگی)، 0/2-5/4 لارو در مترمربع قابل تحمل و نیازی به اقدام ندارند. با این حال، اگر کل مرگ و میر 25، 50 یا 75 درصد با نرخ ثابت رخ دهد، تراکم قابل تحمل به­ ترتیب به (5/2-4/5)، (2/3- 0/7) و (8/4-6/10) در متر مربع افزایش می­یابد. با فرض اینکه یک حشره ­کش 90 تا 99 درصد آفت را از بین ببرد، 4/17-9/7 تا 3/46-1/21 لارو در هر متر مربع در صورت مداخله به موقع کشاورز ضرری در پی نخواهد داشت. 
 

چکیده تصویری

تخمین میزان زیان اقتصادی سرخرطومی‌ یونجه Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) بر پایه نرخ تغذیه آزمایشگاهی

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Ghahramani 1
  • Seyed Ali Safavi 1
  • Shahzad Iranipour 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The alfalfa weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Both adults and larvae feed on alfalfa foliage, damage and reduce hay yield and quality, especially in spring. Larval feeding rate was estimated based on alfalfa leaflet consumption under laboratory conditions (18 ± 2 °C, 60–70% RH). Adults did not consume after emergence, apparently due to diapause. The first instar larvae of AW (n=150) were removed immediately after hatching in the laboratory and were confined with alfalfa leaves. The leaf weights (g) were measured prior to and each 24h after larval feeding. The larvae fed for 33-35 days in the laboratory and underwent four instars. The results revealed that average larval consumption is 8.178±0.153 g leaf tissue during the whole larval stages. Our estimates show that insecticide treatment will cost 6,700,000-14,700,000 IRR/ha depending on market values. One kg alfalfa feed appreciates 40000 IRR. Hence, 167.5-367.5 kg of feed corresponds to control costs. If all larvae survive to pupate (whole lifetime consumption), 2.0-4.5 larvae m-2 are tolerable and need no action. However, if a total mortality of 25, 50, or 75% occurs with a constant rate, tolerable densities will increase to (2.5-5.4), (3.2-7.0), and (4.8-10.6) m-2, respectively. Assuming that an insecticide kills 90- 99% of the pest, 7.9-17.4 to 21.1-46.3 larvae m-2 will cause no loss if farmers intervene on time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pest management
  • Intervention
  • Leaf consumption
  • Tolerable densities
  • Yield value

© 2025 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

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