Investigation of homozygosity and the number of sex alleles and its effect on productivity of colonies in 18th generation of Iranian honeybee (Apis mellifera meda) breeding plan

Document Type : Paper, Persian

Authors

1 Department of Aninmal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 Honey bee Science Research Department, Research Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The genetic mechanism of sex determination in honeybees has created limitations in breeding systems. In selective breeding populations, the possibility of increasing the homozygosity of sex alleles and producing diploid drones is higher. This leads to a decrease in the population and production of bees. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating this and its effect on the population and honey production, on the colonies of the 18th generation of the country's comprehensive honeybee breeding plan. Based on the obtained results, the average homozygosity and number of sex alleles was respectively 20.08% and 4.98. The regression analysis of data showed that the homozygosity of sex alleles has a negative and significant effect on population (-0.07) and honey yield (-0.2). So that, with a one percent increase in homozygosity, 0.07 frames of population and 0.2 kg of honey production decrease. The correlation between homozygosity and population (-0.76) and honey production (-0.75) was negative and significant. The number of sex alleles has decreased by 3 alleles compared to the first generation of this population, but the decreasing trend has almost stopped from the eighth generation onwards. It seems that increasing the number of paternal colonies from 20 to 40 (in the middle of the project) had a positive effect on the number of sex alleles. Therefore, by continuously controlling homozygosity and preventing the decrease in the number of sex alleles in breeding populations, it is possible to prevent the decrease in colony performance.

Graphical Abstract

Investigation of homozygosity and the number of sex alleles and its effect on productivity of colonies in 18th generation of Iranian honeybee (Apis mellifera meda) breeding plan

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی هموزیگوتی و تعداد آللهای جنسی و تاثیر آن بر عملکرد کلنی های نسل هجدهم طرح جامع اصلاح نژاد زنبورعسل ایرانی

Authors [Persian]

  • حیدر زاهدی 1
  • رحیمه سپهری 1
  • غلامحسین طهماسبی 2
1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات زنبورعسل، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

 مکانیسم ژنتیکی تعیین جنسیت در زنبورعسل، محدودیتهایی را در سیستم های اصلاح نژادی به­وجود آورده است. در جوامع تحت انتخاب که آمیزش خویشاوندی در آنها انجام می­شود، احتمال افزایش هموزیگوتی آلل­های جنسی و تولید نرهای دیپلوئید بیشتر است. این امر منجر به کاهش جمعیت و کاهش تولیدات کلنی­های زنبورعسل می­گردد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی این موضوع و تاثیر آن بر میزان جمعیت و تولید عسل، روی کلنی­های نسل هجدهم طرح جامع اصلاح نژاد زنبورعسل ایرانی انجام شد. براساس نتایج به­دست­آمده، متوسط هموزیگوتی آلل­های جنسی 08/20 درصد به­دست آمد. بر این اساس، تعداد آلل­های جنسی در زنبورستان 98/4 عدد برآورد شد. تجزیه رگرسیونی متغیرهای مورد بررسی نیز نشان داد، هموزیگوتی آلل­های جنسی تأثیر منفی و معنی­داری بر میزان جمعیت بالغین (07/0-) و میزان تولید عسل (2/0-) دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش یک درصد به هموزیگوتی، 07/0 قاب از جمعیت بالغین و 2/0 کیلوگرم از تولید عسل کم می­شود. میزان همبستگی به­دست­آمده بین هموزیگوتی و صفات جمعیت (76/0- ) و تولیدعسل(75/0- ) نیز منفی و معنی­دار بود. تعداد آللهای جنسی در مقایسه با نسل اول این توده کاهش 3 آللی را داشته است ولی از نسل هشتم به بعد روند کاهشی تقریبا متوقف شده است. بنظر می­رسد افزایش تعداد کلنی­های پدری از 20 به 40 عدد (در اواسط طرح) نقش مثبتی در این زمینه داشته است. لذا با کنترل مداوم هموزیگوتی و جلوگیری از کاهش تعداد آللهای جنسی در جوامعی که کار اصلاح نژادی در آنها انجام می­شود می­توان از کاهش عملکرد کلنی­های زنبورعسل جلوگیری نمود. 

Keywords [Persian]

  • زنبور نر دیپلوئید
  • ژن مکمل تعیین جنسیت
  • جمعیت
  • تولید عسل

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Journal of Entomological Society of Iran
Volume 45, Issue 3
July 2025
Pages 421-428

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