Molecular and morphological identification of two species of mites of the family Pachylaelapidae Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Guilan province

Document Type : Paper, Persian

Authors

1 Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht

3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture And Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Sciences and Researches, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Mites of the family Pachylaelapidae Berlese, 1913 are a group of predatory mites with free-living species, feeding on arthropods and soil-inhabiting nematodes. Identification of these mites is difficult, because of morphological similarities in a significant number of species and also the fact that new taxons descriptors have referred to some morphological features that have not sufficient distinction criteria to differentiate them from close taxons. Therefore, the use of new identification methods can be helpful in this context. In the present study, along with identification, based on morphological characteristics and size (morphometric identification), we used a molecular method, based on the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene to identify  two species Olopachys compositus Koroleva, 1976 and Olopachys caucasicus Koroleva, 1976. After DNA extraction, ITS region were amplified and sequenced, using the appropriate primers and afterward the sequences were recorded in GeneBank. Alignment of sequences was performed and the genetic differences between species was calculated as 2.3 percent. As a result of these investigations, in addition to the separation of the two species O. compositus and O. caucasicus based on morphological differences, the molecular method also well confirmed the difference between these two species.

Keywords

References

Ahadiyat, A., Mašán, P., Cheraghali, Z. & Joharchi, O. (2014) First report of the subgenus Pachylaelaps (Longipachylaelaps) Mašán (Mesostigmata: Eviphidoidea: Pachylaelapidae) from Iran. Persian Journal of Acarology 3(1), 99–102.
Ahadiyat, A., Ghasemi Moghadam, S. & Cheraghali, Z. (2016) Pachyseius masanisimilis (Mesostigmata: Eviphidoidea: Pachylaelapidae), a new species of edaphic mite from Iran. Persian Journal of Acarology 5(2), 109–120.
Ahaniazad, M. (2018) Fauna of oribatid mites (excluding Astigmatina) in the southern half of East Azarbaijan province, with morphological and molecular analysis of some species. Ph.D thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Maragheh University, 261 pp.
Alvarez, J. M. & Hoy, M. A. (2002) Evaluation of the ribosomal ITS2 DNA sequences in separating closely related populations of the parasitoid Ageniaspis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95(2), 250–256.
Babaeian, E., Mašán, P. & Saboori, A. (2016a) The genus Pachyseius Berlese, 1910 in Iran (Acari: Pachylaelapidae). Zootaxa 4088(3), 420–428.
Babaeian, E., Mašán, P. & Saboori, A. (2016b) A new species of the genus Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Iran, with remarks on the world fauna. Persian Journal of Acarology 5(4), 299–309.
Badek, A., Dabert, M., Mironov, S. V. & Dabert J. (2008) New species of the genus Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from the cetti’s warbler Cettia cetti (Passeriformes: Sylviidae) with DNA barcode data. Annales Zoologici 58, 397–402.
Bennur, Sh., Abida, P. S., Valsala, P. A., Mathew, D. & Bhaskar, H. (2015) DNA barcoding of spidermites (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) in vegetables using COI and ITS2 markers. Genome 58(5), 195.
Caterino, M. S., Cho, S. & Sperling, F. A. H. (2000) The current state of insect molecular systematics: a thriving tower of Babel. Annual Review of Entomology 45, 1–54.
Ciociola, A. I. Jr., Querino, R. B., Zucchi, R. A. & Stouthamer, R. (2001) Molecular identification of closely related species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): T. rojasi Nagaraja and Nagarkatti and T. lasallei Pinto. Neotropical Entomology 30(4), 575–578.
Cruickshank, R. H. (2002) Molecular markers for the phylogenetics of mites and ticks. Systematic and Applied Acarology 7, 3–14.
Dabert, J., Ehrnsberger, R., & Dabert, M. (2008) Glaucalges tytonis sp. n. (Analgoidea, Xolalgidae) from the barn owl Tyto alba (Strigiformes, Tytonidae): compiling morphology with DNAbarcode data for taxon descriptions in mites (Acari). Zootaxa 1719, 41–52.
Doña, J., Diaz-Real, J., Mironov, S., Bazaga, P., Serrano, D. & Jovani, R. (2015) DNA barcoding and minibarcoding as a powerful tool for feather mite studies. Molecular Ecology Resources 15(5), 1216–1225.
De Rojas, M., Ubeda, J. M., Cutillas, C., Mora, M. D., Ariza, C. and Guevara, D. (2007) Utility of ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 and 16S mitochondrial DNA sequences for species identification and phylogenetic inference within the Rhinonyssus coniventris species complex (Acari: Rhinonyssidae). Parasitology Research 100, 1041–1046.
Gallego, D. & Galián, J. (2001) The internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the rDNA differentiates the bark beetle forest pests Tomicus destruens and T. piniperda. Insect Molecular Biology10(5), 415–20.
Glowska. E., Dragun-Damian, A. & Dabert, J. (2012a) Picobia dziabaszewskii sp. nov. (Acari, Syringophilidae) – combineddescription (morphology with DNA barcode data) of a newquill mite species parasitizing Garrulax formosus (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae). Zootaxa 3224, 57–61.
Glowska. E., Dragun-Damian, A. & Dabert, J. (2012b) A new quill mite Syringophiloidus pseudonigritae sp. nov. (Prostigmata, Syringophilidae) parasitizing Pseudonigrita arnaudi (Passeriformes, Ploceidae) – a combined description using morphology and DNA barcode data. Zootaxa 3532, 64–68.
Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & Dewaard, J. R. (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceeding Royal Society of London seri B 270, 313–321.
Hebert, P. D. N., Penton, E. H., Burns, J. M., Janzen, D. H. & Hallwachs, W. (2004a) Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. PNAS 101(41), 14812–14817.
Hebert, P. D. N., Stoeckle, M. Y., Zemlak, T. S. & Francis, C. M. (2004b) Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes. PLoS Biology 2(10), 1657–1663.
Hosseini, R. (2010) An introduction to the principle of molecular biology techniques (with emphasizing on the study of insects). 232 pp. University of Guilan Press. [In Persian]
Hosseini-Chegeni, A. (2015) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Iranian ticks of the genus Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) with morphologic and molecular methods. Ph.D thesis of Agricultural Entomology, Guilan University, 190 pp.
Hoseeini-Chegeni, A., Kayedi, M. H., Telmadarraiy, Z. & Hoseeini, R. (2017) Multiplex-PCR differentiation of two Hyalomma and two Haemaphysalis species (Acari: Ixodidae). Persian Journal of Acarology 6(2), 103–112.
Hoy, M. A. (2013) Insect Molecular Genetics: an introduction to principles and applications. 808 pp. Academic Press, London UK.
Kazemi, Sh. & Rajaei, A. (2013) An annotated checklist of Iranian Mesostigmata (Acari), excluding the family Phytoseiidae. Persian Journal of Acarology 2 (1), 63–158.
Khalili Mahani, M., Inomata, N., Saboori, A., Sayed Tabatabaei, B. E., Ishiyama, H., Ariana, A. & Szmidt, A. E. (2009) Genetic variation in populations of Allothrombium pulvinum (Acari: Trombidiidae) from Northern Iran revealed by mitochondrial coxI and nuclear rDNA ITS2 sequences. Experimental and Applied Acarology 48, 273–289.
Kim, J. H., Kim, D .K., Forest, F., Fay, M. F. & Chase, M. W. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Ruscaceae sensu lato and related families (Asparagales) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Annals of Botany 106, 775–790.
Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16, 111–120.
Knee, W., Beaulieu, F., Skevington, J. H., Kelso, S. & Forbes, M. R. (2012) Cryptic species of mites (Uropodoidea: Uroobovella spp.) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus): The collapse of a host generalist revealed by molecular and morphological analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(1), 276–286.
Knee, W. (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721, 1–32.
Koroleva, E. V. (1977) Family Pachylaelaptidae Vitzthum, 1931. pp. 411–483 in Ghilyarov, M. S. & Bregetova, N. G. (Eds.), A Key to the Soil Inhabiting Mites, Mesostigmata. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences: Petrograd. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR. [In Russian]
Lee, D., Karchin, R. & Beer, M. A. (2011) Discriminative prediction of mammalian enhancers from DNA sequence. Genome Research 21(12), 2167–2180.
Lindquist, E. E., Krantz, G. W. & Walter, D. E. (2009) Order Mesostigmata. pp. 124–232 in Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.), A Manual of Acarology. 3th ed. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA.
Marangi, M., Cantacessi, C., Sparagano, O. A., Camarda, A. & Giangaspero, A. (2014) Molecular characterization and phylogenetic inferences of Dermanyssus gallinae isolates in Italy within a European framework. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 28, 447–452.
Mašán, P. & Halliday, B. (2014) Review of the mite family Pachylaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Zootaxa 3776(1), 1–66.
Mašán, P. (2007) A review of the family Pachylaelapidae in Slovakia, with systematic and ecology of European species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Eviphidoidea). 247 pp. Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava.
Matsuda, T., Hinomoto, N., Singh, R. N. & Gotoh, T. (2012) Molecular-Based Identification and Phylogeny of Oligonychus Species (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 105(3), 1043–1050.
Mojahed, S., Hajizadeh, J., Hosseini, R. & Ahadiyat, A. (2017) Contribution to the Pachylaelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) fauna in some parts of Guilan province of Iran. Persian Journal of Acarology 6, 269–285.
Moritz, C. & Cicero, C. (2004) DNA barcoding: promise and pitfalls. PLoS Biology 2(10), 1529–1534.
Navajas, M. & Fenton, B. (2000) The application of molecular markers in the study of diversity in acarology: a review. Experimental and Applied Acarology 24, 751–774.
Navajas, M., Lagnel, J., Fauvel, G., & de Moraes, G. J. (1999) Sequence variation of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in commercially important Phytoseiidae mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology 23, 851–859.
Okassa, M., Kreiter, S. & Tixier, M. S. (2012) Obtaining molecular data for all life stages of Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) exhilaratus (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae): consequences for species identification. Experimental and Applied Acarology 57, 105–116.
Potenza, L., Cafiero, M. A., Camarda, A., Salandra, G.La., Cucchiarini, L. & Dachà, M. (2009) Characterization of Dermanyssus gallinae (Acarina: Dermanissydae) by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions. Veterinary Research Communications 33, 611–618.
Rich, S. M., Rosenthal, B. M., Telford, I., Spielman, S. R., Hartl, A. D. L. & Ayala, F. J. (1997) Heterogeneity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS–2) region within individual deer ticks. Insect Molecular Biology 6(2), 123–129.
Rumer, L., Sheshukava, O., Dautel, H., Danosa–Mantke, O. & Niedrig, M. (2011) Differentiation of medically important Euro–Asian tick species Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes hexagonus, and Dermacentorreticulatus by polymerase chain reaction. Vector–Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 11(7), 899–905.
Skoracka, A. (2009) Description of Abacarus lolii n. sp. (Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae), a cryptic species within a grass-feeding Abacarus complex. International Journal of Acarology 35, 405–417.
Stouthamer, R., Hu, J., van Kan, F. J. P. M., Platner, G. R. & Pinto, J. D. (2004) The utility of internally transcribed spacer 2 DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal gene for distinguishing sibling species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). BioControl 43, 421–440.
Tixier, M. S., Kreiter, S., Barbar, Z., Ragusa, S. & Cheval, B. (2006) Status of two cryptic species: Typhlodromus exhilaratus Ragusa and Typhlodromus phialatus
Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae): consequences for taxonomy. Zoologia Scripta 35(2), 115–122.
Tixier, M. S., Santos Vicente, V. D., Douin, M., Duso, C. & Kreiter, S. (2017) Great molecular variation within the species Phytoseius finitimus (Acari: Phytoseiidae): implications for diagnosis decision within the mite family Phytoseiidae. Acarologia 57(3), 493–515.
Yusseff-Vanegas, S. Z. & Agnarsson, I. (2017) DNA-barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Caribbean Region. PeerJ 3516, 1–40.
Zahler, M., Gothe, R. & Rinder, H. (1995) Genetic evidence against a morphologically suggestive conspecificity of Dermacentor reticulatus and D. marginatus (Acari: Ixodidae). International Journal of Parasitology 25(12), 1413–1419.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics