اولین گزارش مقاومت کرم غوزة پنبه، (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae به تیودیکارب در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات آفت کش ها، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کرم غوزة پنبه، (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner از آفات مهم گیاهان زراعی در ایران و جهان می‌باشد. این آفت یکی از آفات مستعد برای بروز مقاومت به حشره‌کش‌ها می­باشد. در این تحقیق حساسیت جمعیت‌هایی از این آفت از مناطق گرگان، مغان و ورامین به ایندوکساکارب (15%SC)،‌ پروفنفوس (EC50%)، تیودیکارب (DF80%) و کلرپیریفوس (EC8/40%) بررسی شد. آزمون زیست سنجی برای پروفنوفوس و کلرپیریفوس به روش قطره گذاری موضعی روی لاروهای سن سه و برای تیودیکارب و ایندوکساکارب از طریق اضافه کردن به غذای مصنوعی انجام شد. نتایج حاکی از بروز مقاومت بالا به تیودیکارب در جمعیت گرگان می‌باشد، به طوری که فاکتور مقاومت (RF) در سال‌های 1395 و 1396 به ترتیب 267 و 262 محاسبه شد. این فاکتور طی دو سال در جمعیت‌های مغان 75/8 و 9/10 و ورامین 4/3 و 9/6 محاسبه شد که اگرچه قابل توجه نیستند ولی نشانگر روند صعودی کاهش حساسیت آفت است. در مورد ایندوکساکارب نیز اگرچه RF در همه مناطق کمتر از ده برابر محاسبه شد، اما در گرگان روند صعودی کاهش حساسیت (1395=44/7 و 1396=34/10) قابل توجه بود. در مورد کلرپیریفوس، RF در همه جمعیت‌ها، طی 2 سال کمتر از 10 بود. فقط در جمعیت مغان، روند صعودی RF به کلرپیریفوس (1395=13/5 و 1396=86/10) قابل توجه بود. حساسیت آفت به پروفنوفوس در هیچ یک از مناطق اختلاف معنی‌داری طی دو سال نداشت و RF در همه موارد کمتر از 10 بود. اندازه‌گیری آنزیم‌های سم زدا (استرازها، گلوتاتیون اس ترانسفرازها و مونواکسیژنازها) در جمعیت گرگان نشان داد که سطح هیچ کدام از آنها در جمعیت مقاوم و حساس، تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری ندارد. احتمالا مکانیسم‌های دیگری (غیر حساس شدن نقطه هدف)، علت بروز مقاومت می‌باشد. به منظور مدیریت مقاومت، ضروری است ضمن توقف استفاده از تیودیکارب، از حشره کش‌هایی با نحوه عمل متفاوت استفاده کرد.    

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

First report of thiodicarb resistance of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Mosallanejad 1
  • Zahra Gholami 2
1 Hadi Mosallanejad (PhD), Pesticides Researches Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Tehran, IRAN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most destructive pests in Iran, attacking to a wide range of important crops such as cotton, tomato, soya and corn which causes serious loss of production. Biological characteristics, such as polyphagous nature, migration ability, high rate of reproduction and facultative diapause has caused this pest as one of the potential pest to develop resistant to insecticides. In this research we studied the resistance status of some cotton bollworm populations from Gorgan, Moghan and Varamin against indoxacarb, thiodicarb, profenofos and chlorpyrifos. Topical application of insecticides was used as bioassay method for profenofos and chlorpyrifos and diet-incorporation method for indoxacarb and thiodicarb. The results indicated that Gorgan population has developed high resistance against thiodicarb with resistance factor (RF) of 267 and 262 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. RF against thiodicarb for Moghan was 8.75 and 10.9 in two years, while this value was 3.4 and 6.9 for Varamin. In the case of indoxacarb, RF was less than 10 in all populations, however in Gorgan population increased trend was observed (7.44 in 2016 and 10.34 in 2017). In the case of chlorpyrifos, increased RF (5.13 in 2016 and 10.86 in 2017) was only observed in Moghan population and in other populations, significant change within two years was not observed. The susceptibility of the pest against profenofos was not changed during two years and RF was calculated less than 10 in all populations. As the RF was high against thiodicarb in the Gorgan population, the detoxification enzymes (esterases, glutathione S-transferases and mono-oxygenases) were measured to know if the metabolic resistance was involved. There was no significant difference between resistant and susceptible populations, indicating that other resistance mechanisms (such as target site insensitivity) likely is the cause of the resistance, which must be investigated in further researches.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • insecticide resistance
  • Helicoverpa armigera
  • indoxacarb
  • thiodicarb
  • profenofos
  • chlorpyrifos

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