نقش سوسک شاخ‌دار خرما ( Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Oryctes elegans در انتقال قارچ Fusarium proliferatum عامل بیماری خشکیدگی فوزاریومی برگ خرما در استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

سوسک شاخ‌دار خرما، Oryctes elegans Perll یکی از آفات مهم نخل خرما می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی نقش احتمالی این آفت در انتقال بیماری خشکیدگی فوزاریومی برگ نخل خرما در استان خوزستان می‌پردازد. خشکیدگی فوزاریومی برگ‌ نخل از بیماری‌های مهم نخل می‌باشد که در سال‌های اخیر در مناطق وسیعی از نخلستان‌های خوزستان گسترش یافته است. نمونه‌برداری از 24 نخلستان در شهرستان‌های آبادان، خرمشهر و شادگان که به طور همزمان آلودگی به سوسک شاخ‌دار و بیماری خشکیدگی برگ را نشان می‌دادند، صورت گرفت. نمونه‌ها شامل مراحل لاروی و بالغ سوسک شاخ‌دار خرما، برگ، دمبرگ و دم خوشه‌های دارای علائم عارضه خشکیدگی برگ بودند. قارچ Fusarium proliferatum Matsush از نمونه‌های یاد شده با فراوانی متفاوت جداسازی و شناسایی شد. برای بررسی توانایی انتقال حشرات بالغ، آزمایشات در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و به صورت فاکتوریل انجام شد. چهار تراکم شامل 3، 5، 7 و 9 عدد سوسک و 4 غلظت از سوسپانسیون قارچ شامل 103×5، 104×5، 105×5 و 106×5 اسپور در میلی‌لیتر استفاده شد. فراوانی قارچ‌های جداسازی شده از حشرات بالغ و مواد گیاهی بررسی شده، انتقال قارچ یاد شده به وسیله سوسک شاخ‌دار خرما را تأیید می‌کند. نتایج به دست آمده همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بین درختان آلوده به بیماری خشکیدگی فوزاریومی برگ و سوسک‌های شاخ‌دار خرما را نشان داد. نتایج آزمون بیماری‌زایی نشان داد که حشرات در هر 4 تراکم و هر 4 غلظت قادر به انتقال قارچ و بروز بیماری هستند و در تراکم‌ 7 عدد سوسک، با غلظت 106×5 و در تراکم 9 عدد سوسک با غلظت‌های 105×5 و 106×5 اسپور در میلی‌لیتر سبب خشکیدگی پاجوش‌ها شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Role of Oryctes elegans (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as a vector of Fusarium proliferatum, the pathogen of Fusarium leaf wilt disease of date palm in Khuzestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hoorizad ghaedi 1
  • F. Kocheili 1
  • M. latifian 2
  • reza farrokhinejad 1
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Education and Extension organization, Horticulture science research institute. Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Oryctes elegans Perll is one of the most important pests of date palm trees. The present study was done to determine the probable role of this pest as a vector of Fusarium wilt disease in date orchards of Khuzestan province. Leaf wilt disease is one of the important diseases observed in date orchards of Khuzestan. Sampling was carried out from 24 date orchards in Abadan, Khorramshahr and Shadegan, which showed simultaneous infestation by O. elegans and fungal leaf wilt diseases. The collected samples included larvae and beetles of the date palm borer, leaves, petioles and fruit bunches of the tress. Fusarium proliferatum Matsush was isolated from collected samples with different percentages. To determine the disease transferring ability of the beetles, the experiments were carried out based on randomized complete design experiment with factorial test. Four densities; 3, 5, 7 and 9 of the beetles and four concentrations of the fungal suspensions 5×103, 5×104, 5×105 and 5×106 spores per ml were used. The frequency of isolated fungi from the insect specimens and plant materials confirmed transmission of fungus by the date palm borer. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between infested trees with Fusarium wilt disease and date palm borer. The pathogenicity test showed that insects in all four densities and all four concentrations were able to transfer the fungus and disease and in the densities of 7 beetles with 5×106 spores per ml and 9 beetles with 5×105 and 5×106 spores per ml caused drying of offshoots.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oryctes elegans
  • vector
  • Fusarium leaf wilt disease

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