Efficacy of different formulations of essential oils against the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions

Document Type : Paper, English

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

In recent decades, one of the most important methods of replacing synthetic pesticides is the use of new formulations based on plant essential oils (EOs) that can increase the quality and effectiveness of them. Due to application restrictions of EOs in their pure form, preparation of commercial formulations of these compounds is essential. In this research, At first, the contact toxicity of fifteen different plant EOs was evaluated on reared Phenacoccus solenopsis 1st instar nymphs at 25±1°C and 65±5% RH, with a 16:8-h L:D photoperiod. Three EOs of Mentha longifolia (L.), Mentha piperita (L.), and Oliveria decumbens (Vent.), had the highest contact toxicity and were selected for the rest of the experiments. According to GC and GC/MS analysis, pulegone (51.49%), menthone (22.75%), and 1,8-cineole (11.69%) were the principal components of M. longifolia, menthone (36.51%), menthene (28.51%), menthol (8.12%), and 1, 8-cineole (7.66%) were the principal components of M. piperita and the main components of O. decumbens EO were thymol (43.99%), γ-terpinene (13.96%), and p-cymene (12.62%). After making formulation, contact toxicity of the EOs before and after formulation, was evaluated on P. solenopsis 1st instar nymphs under laboratory conditions. Based on lethal concentration trials, LC50 values of pure and formulated EOs of M. longifolia, M. piperita, and O. decumbens on 1st instar nymphs after 48 hours were 113.49, 129.74, 149.93, and 48.22, 55.55, 61.68 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the contact toxicity of formulated EOs of M. longifolia, M. piperita, and O. decumbens were 2.34, 2.36, and 2.43-fold higher than the pure EOs.

Keywords


Abbott, W. S. (1925) A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18, 265–267.
Al – Antary, T. M., Belghasem, I. H. & Alaraj, S. E. A. (2017) Effect of Mint Oil Against the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) Using Four Solvents.Advances in Environmental Biology 11(1), 61-67.
Amin, G. H., Salehi sourmaghi, M. H., Zahedi, M., Khanavi, M. & Samadi, N. (2005) Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Oliveria decumbens. Fitoterapia; 76 (7-8), 704-707.
Amirmohammadi, F. & Jalali Sendi, J. (2013) The effect of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) on mortality and physiological parameters of Xanthogaleruca luteola Mull. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Plant Pests Research 3(3), 60-68.(In Persian with English summary)
Ardakani, A. S. & Heydari Alizadeh. (2017) Preparation of nematicides formulation from Achillea wilhelmsii for controlling root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Journal of Plant Pests and Diseases 85 (2), 130-137. (In Persian with English summary)
Azarkish, P., Mogaddam, M., Vaezi, J., Ghasemi pir baloti, A. & davoodi nezhad, Gh. H. (2016) Investigation of the compositions of essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. a rich source of polygon in five habitats of Fars province. Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 39 (4), 88-99. (In Persian with English summary)
Biswas, S. K., Rahman, S., Kobir, S. M. A., Ferdous, T. & Banu, N. A. (2014) A Review on Impact of Agrochemicals on Human Health and Environment: Bangladesh Perspective. Plant Environment Development 3, 31-35.
Bolandnazar, A., Ghadamyari, M., Memarzadeh, M. & Jalali sandi, J. (2017) Effect of some micro and nanoemulsified essential oils and plant extract on sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), under laboratory condition. Plant Pest Research 7, 23-37 (In Persian with English summary).
Emamjomeh, L., Imani, S., Talebi, KH., Moharramipour, S. & Larijani, K. (2018) Preparation of nanoemulsion formulation of essential oil of Zataria multiflora and comparison of contact toxicity with pure essential oil on Ephestia kuehniella. Journal of Pests and Plant Diseases 58, 182-190 (In Persian with English summary).
Fand, B. B., Tonnang, H. E. Z., Kumar, M., Bal, S. K., Singh, N. P., Rao, D. V. K. N., Kamble, A. L., Nangare, D. D. & Minhas, P. S. (2014) Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS. Ecological Modelling 288, 62-78.
Fand, B. B. & Suroshe, S. S. (2015) The invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), a threat to tropical and subtropical agricultural and horticultural production systems- A review. Journal Crop Protection 69, 34-43.
FAO (2006) Guidelines on efficacy evaluation for the registration of plant protection products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Finney, D. J. (1971) Probit Analysis, a Statistical Treatment of the Sigmoid Response Curve. 7th Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
Hajimehdipoor, H., Samadi, N., Mozaffarian, V., Rahimifard, N., Shoeibi, Sh., Pirali Hamedani, M. (2010) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Oliveria decumbens volatile oil from West of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants 9 (6). (In Persian with English summary).
Hussain, A., Anwar, F., Nigam, P. S., Ashraf, M. & Gilani, A. H. (2010) Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four Mentha species, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90, 1827–1836.
Isman, M. B. (2006) Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology 51, 45–66.
Joshi, M. D., Butani, P. G., Patel, V. N. & Jeya Kumar, P. (2010) Cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley)-A review. Agricultural Reviews 31, 113-119.
Karamaouna, F., Kimbaris, A., Michaelakis, A., Papachristos, D., Polissiou, M., Papatsakona, P. & Tsora, E. (2013) Insecticidal activity of plant essential oils against the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. Journal of Insect Science 13, 1-13.
Kaveh, M., Poorjavad, N. & Khajehali, J. (2014) Evaluation of contact toxicity of ten essential oils from Lamiaceae plants against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Pests Research, 4 (3), 39-49. ) in Farsi with English summary (.
Laing, R., Xu, S., Shoemaker, C. F., Li, Y., Zhong, F. & Huang, Q. (2012) Physical and antimicrobial properties of peppermint oil nanoemulsions. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 60, 7548-7555.
Larrain, S. P. (2002) Insect and mite pest incidence on sweet pepinos Solanum muricatum (Ait.) cultivated in the IV Region, Chile. Agricultura Tecnica 62, 15-26.
Louni, M., Shakarami, J. & Negahban, M. (2018) Insecticidal efficacy of nanoemulsion containing Mentha longifolia essential oil against Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Crop Protection 7(2), 171-182.
Mahboubi, M., Feizabadi, M. M., Haghi, G. & Hosseini, H. (2008) Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil from Oliveria decumbens Vent. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 24 (1), 57-65. (In Persian with English summary).
Mahmoodi Sourestani, M. (2016) Effect of harvest time on essential oil content and composition of Mentha piperita (L), pp. 37-39. In: Proceedings of 1th Essential Oil Congress, University of Kashan, Qamsar, Iran.
McKay, D. L. & Blumberg, J. B. (2006) A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytotherapy Research 20, 619–633.
Moghadam, M. & Bagheri, M. (2010) A new mealybug pest in the south of Iran, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 30, 67-69.
Mossadegh, M. S. & Kocheylii, F. (1992) Part of the fauna of ladybirds Khuzestan. Agricultural Scientific Journal 16, 30-24. (In Persian with English summary)
Mossadegh, M. S., Vafaei, Sh., Zarghami, S., Kocheylii, F., Farsi, A., Alizadeh, M. S. & Rezaii, N. (2012a) Natural enemies of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan, Iran, pp. 216. In: Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. University of Tehran, Karaj.
Mossadegh, M. S., Vafaei, Sh., Zarghami, S., Farsi, A., Sedighi Dehkordi, F., Fazelinejad, A., Esfandiari, M. & Alizadeh, M. S. (2012b) The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) in Khuzestan and Kish island, pp. 174. In: Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.
Mossadegh, M. S., Vafaei, Sh., Rezaii, N. & Zarghami, S. (2013) The massive release of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) for biological control of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) in northern Khuzestan. Summary of biological control conferences in agriculture and natural resources. University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 30 pp.
Mossadegh, M. S., Vafaei, Sh., Farsi, A., Zarghami, S., Esfandiari, M., Dehkordi, F. S., Fazelinejad, A. & Seyfollahi, F. (2015) Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), its natural enemies and host plants in Iran. 1st Iranian International Congress of Entomology. Tehran, Iran. pp. 159-167.
Mossa, A. T. H. (2016) Green Pesticides: Essential Oils as Biopesticides in Insect-pest Management. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 9 (5), 354-378.
Mostafa, M. E., Youssef, N. M. & Abaza, A. M. (2018). Insecticidal activity and chemical composition of plant essential oils against cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6(2), 539-543.
Nagrare, V. S., Kranthi, S., Kumar, R., Dhara, B., Amutha, M., Deshmukh, A. J., Sone, K. D. & Kranthi, R. (2011) Compendium of Cotton Mealybugs. CICR publication, 42 pp.
Najafpour Navai, M. & Mirza, M. (2002) Investigation of chemical composition of essential oil Oliveria decumbens. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 15, 23-29. (In Persian)
Odeyemi, O. O., Masika, P. & Afolayan, A. J. (2008) Insecticidal activities of essential oil from the leaves of Mentha longifolia L. subsp. capensis against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). African Entomology 16 (2), 221-225.
Peschiutta, M. L., Pizzolitto, R. P., Ordano, M. A., Zaio, Y. P. & Zygadlo, J. A. (2017) Laboratory evaluation of insecticidal activity of plant essential oils against the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2017.56.79-83.
Poucher W. A. (1993) Poucher’s perfum, cosmetics and soaps, Chapman and Hall, NewYork, 3, 40-628.
Prishanthini, M. & Vinobaba, M. (2014) Efficacy of some selected botanical extracts against the cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsly) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 4, 1-6.
Rahman, S., Biswas, S. K., Barman, N. C. & Ferdous, F. (2016) Plant extract as selective pesticide for Integrated Pest Management.Review article. Biotechnological research 2, 6-10.
Riazi, M., Khajehali, J., Poorjavad, N. & Bolandnazar, A. (2015) The mortality and repellency effect of a formulation of spearmint essential oil on the cotton melon aphid under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 6, 169-179 (In Persian with English summary).
Robertson, J. L. & Preisler, H. K. (1992) Pesticide bioassays with arthropods. 127pp. CRC Press. Florida,
Roonjho A. R., Gillani W. A., Rasool, A., Akhtar, N., Mahmood, T., Arsalan, A., Afzal, M., Khan, I., Ranjha M. A., Irfan, M. & Khan, J. (2013) Repellency effects of different plant extracts to cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: psudococciade). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 26(3), 213-219.
Saeidi, M. & Moharramipour, S. (2013) Insecticidal and repellent activities of Artemisia khorassanica (Podl), Rosmarinus officinalis (L.)and Mentha longifolia (L.) essential oils on Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val). Journal of Crop Protection 2, 23-31.
Sajadi, S. E. & Hoseini, S. A. (2011) Essential oil constituents of O.decumbens Vent. Journal of Essential Oil Research 14 (3), 220-221.
Salem, N., Bachrouch, O.,  Sriti, J., Msaada, K., Khammassi, S., Hammami, M.,  Selmi, S.,  Boushih, E.,  Koorani, S., Abderraba, M., Marzouk, B., Limam, F. & Jemaa, J. M. B. (2017) Fumigant and repellent potentials of Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne. International Journal of Food Properties.
Sohrabi, F. & Kohanmoo, M. A. (2016) Toxicity of neem and chinaberry extracts and additive effect of the essential oil Salvia mirzayanii on the date palm spider mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae).  Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 37(1), 43-54. (In Persian with English summary)
SPSS. (2019) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Stepanycheva, E., Petrova, M., Chermenskaya, T. & Pavela, R. (2019) Fumigant effect of essential oils on mortality and fertility of thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Perg. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International26(30), 30885-30892.
Wang, Y., Watson, G. W. & Zhang, R. (2010) The potential distribution of an invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) and its threat to cotton in Asia. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12, 403-416.