ویژگی های بیوشیمیایی کربوهیدرازها و پروتئازهای گوارشی سوسک برگ‌خوار گندم، Lema melanopa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیــقات گیاه پزشــکی، مرکز تحقیــقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگـــان، ایران

2 گروه گیاه پزشــکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 موسسة تحقیقات گیاه پزشــکی کشور، سـازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سوسک برگ­خوار گندم،Lema melanopa L.، در دهة اخیر به یکی از آفات مهم گندم در استان گلستان تبدیل شده است. لارو و حشره کامل این آفت از برگ بیشتر غلات و همینطور گندم تغذیه و خسارت شدیدی ایجاد می­کنند. با توجه به کمبود اطلاعات در زمینة فیزیولوژی این آفت، در تحقیق حاضر ویژگی­ های بیوشیمیایی آنزیم­های آلفا- آمیلاز، گلوکوزیداز، گالاکتوزیداز، و پروتئازهای دستگاه گوارش حشره کامل این آفت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، بیش­ترین میزان فعالیت اسیدیته بهینه آنزیم در محدودة 4 تا 6 و دمای بهینه 35 درجة سلسیوس مشاهده شد. با انجام الکتروفورز، دو ایزوفرم از آنزیم آلفا- آمیلاز لوله گوارش این حشره مشاهده شد. بیشینه فعالیت آنزیم ­های آلفا و بتا گلوکوزیداز و آلفا و بتا گالاکتوزیداز لوله گوارش در اسیدیتة 5 و به ترتیب در محدوده دمایی 35 تا 45 درجة سلسیوس  به­ دست آمد. بیشینه فعالیت پروتئاز عمومی از میان انواع پروتئازهای لوله گوارش در اسیدیتة 6 و دمای 45 درجة سلسیوس  نشان داد. نتایج بررسی اثر مهارکننده­ های آنزیمی شامل اتیلن دی­آمین تترا استیک اسید (EDTA)، توسیل ال- لیسیل کلرومتان هیدروکلراید (TLCK)، توسیل فنیل آلانین کلرومتیل کتون (TPCK)، فنیل متیل سولفونیل فلوراید (PMSF)، یدواستات سدیم و یدواستیک اسید بر فعالیت آنزیم پروتئاز لوله گوارش نشان داد که مهار کننده­ های سیستئین پروتئازی بیش­ترین میزان مهارکنندگی بر فعالیت آنزیم را دارند. از این ­رو می ­توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که این گروه از پروتئازها در لوله گوارش سوسک برگ­خوار غلات، غالب است. با مشخص شدن ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی آنزیم ­های مهم گوارشی آفات می­توان ترکیباتی را سنتز کرد که کارآمدتر بوده و میزان مصرف حشره ­کش را کاهش داده و همچنین خسارت به محیط زیست را نیز کمتر کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biochemical properties of digestive carbohydrases and proteases of cereal leaf beetle, Lema melanopa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh Sharifi 1
  • Mohammad Ghadmyari 2
  • N. Memarizadeh 3
1 Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Science Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organi-zation (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the recent decade, Lema melanopa L. has become one of the most important pests of wheat fields in Golstan province. Both adults and larvae of this pest feed on the leaves of most cereals and of course wheat and cause severe damage. Due to the lack of information about the physiology of this pest, in the present study, the biochemical properties of alpha amylase, glucosidase, galactosidase and gastrointestinal proteases from adult stage of this pest were investigated. The results showed that the highest level of optimal enzyme activity was observed in the range of 4 to 6 and the optimum temperature of 35 ° C. Electrophoresis showed two isoforms of alpha-amylase in the gut of the insect. The maximum activity of alpha and beta glucosidase enzymes and alpha and beta galactosidase of the gut was obtained in acidity 5 and in the temperature range of 35 to 45°C, respectively. The highest general protease activity was shown among gut proteases at pH 6 and at 45°C. Study Results of the effect of enzymatic inhibitors including EDTA, TLCK, TPCK, PMSF, sodium Iodo Acetate and Iodoacetic acid protease activity showed that cysteine proteinase inhibitors had the greatest inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that this group of proteases is dominant in the gut of cereal leaf beetle. By determining the biochemical properties of important gut enzymes of pest, compounds can be synthesized that are more efficient and reduce the consumption of insecticides and reduce the amount of damage to the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • alpha-amylase
  • α- and β- glucosidase
  • α- and β- galactosidase
  • protease inhibitor
  • proteases
  • cereal leaf beetle

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