زیست شــناسی مگـس مینـوز خـار پنبــه Pegomya terebrans (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) در منطــقة ارومــیه، ایــران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

بررسی­ های صحرایی و آزمایشگاهی به منظور مطالعة زیست ­شناسی مگس مینوز خارپنبه، Pegomya terebrans (Rondani) در منطقه­ ارومیه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که گونه­ های گیاهی میزبان این مگس، محدود به سه گونه از گیاهان متعلق به قبیله Cynareae از تیره Asteraceae شامل؛ خار ایتالیایی Carduus pycnocephalus L. و دو گونه خارپنبه به نام­ های Onopordum acanthium L. و O. leptolepis DC. می ­باشد. این گونه فقط دارای یک نسل در سال بوده و به صورت حشرة کامل زمستان­گذرانی می ­کند. حشرات کامل مگس بعد از زمستان­ گذرانی، در اوایل فروردین ماه فعال شده و مگس­ های ماده بارور بعد از جفت­ گیری، در اواسط این ماه شروع به تخم ریزی می­کنند. تخم ­ها به صورت انفرادی و یا در دستجات حداکثر پنج ­تایی به صورت نامنظم در زیر برگ گیاهان میزبان گذاشته می­شوند. بسته به دمای روزانه در شرایط طبیعی، تخم ­ها بعد از 6 تا 10 روز تفریخ شده و لاروهای جوان بلافاصله با وارد شدن به درون برگ از بافت­ های بین دو سطح برگ تغذیه می­ کنند. این مگس دارای سه سن لاروی بوده و مدت زمان لازم برای کامل شدن دوره لاروی در شرایط طبیعی 21 تا 27 روز طول می­ کشد. لاروهای کاملاً رشد کردة سن سوم با افتادن به خاک در عمق 1 تا 3 سانتی­متری خاک به شفیره تبدیل می­ شوند که مدت زمان آن 4 تا 5 ماه طول می­ کشد. ظهور حشرات کامل مگس از اواخر مهر ماه آغاز و تا اواخر آبان ادامه می ­یابد. حشرات کامل، تقریباً 5 ماه در پاییز و زمستان به صورت غیرفعّال باقی مانده و در اوایل بهار دوباره فعّال می ­شوند. لاروهای مگس یاد شده توسط زنبور Biosteres spinaciae (Thomson) در منطقة مورد مطالعه پارازیته می­ شوند. ارتباط انگلی این زنبور با مگس P. terebrans برای اولین بار گزارش می­ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biology of cotton thistle leaf miner, Pegomya terebrans (Diptera: An-thomyiidae) in Urmia region, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Y. Karimpour 1
  • Leila Veisi Dizaji 1
  • Jamshid Akbarian 1
  • Saied Shahand 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Field and laboratory surveys were carried out to study the biology of cotton thistle leaf miner, Pegomya terebrans (Rondani) in Urmia region. The results showed that the host plant species of this fly are restricted to three species of plants belonging to tribe Cynareae (Asteraceae), including Italian thistle Carduus pycnocephalus L. and two species of cotton thistle namely Onopordum acanthium L. and O. leptolepis DC.. The species has only one generation per year and hibernates as adults. After overwintering, adults become active and mate in late March. Fertile females begin oviposition in early April. The eggs are laid either singly or in groups of up to five in irregular shape under the leaves of the host plants. Depending on the daily temperature, they hatch within 6-10 days and young larvae immediately bores into the leaf and begins consumption in tissues between the leaf surfaces. The species has three larval instars and larval developmental time is 21 to 27 days in natural conditions. The full grown third instar larvae fall to the ground and pupate in the soil at a depth of 1 to 3 cm which its period lasts 4 to 5 months. The emergence of flies begins in mid-October and continues until late-November. They remain inactive for about five months in autumn and winter and become active in early spring, again. The larvae of P. terebrans were parasitized by Biosteres spinaciae (Thomson) in the studied region. Parasitic association between B. spinaciae and P. terebrans is reported for the first time.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pegomya terebrans
  • Biology
  • Urmia

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