بررسی الگوی توزیع فضایی Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) روی چغندر قند و مزیت سمپاشی مکان ویژه در مدیریت آفت

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، انگلیسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

کرم برگخوار چغندر قند Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) یکی از آفات مخرب چغندرقند در جهان می ­باشد. در این پژوهش، از روش ­های زمین آمار برای تعیین نقاط نمونه­ برداری و تعیین الگوهای توزیع فضایی این آفت استفاده شد. از فرمون جنسی حشره برای پیش ­بینی زمان دقیق تخم­گذاری و از روش نمونه برداری مشاهده­ای برای تعیین تراکم لاروهای S. exigua استفاده شد. برای تخمین تراکم جمیعت حشره در مکان­ های نمونه برداری نشده، از روش وزن دهی معکوس فاصله و کریجینگ عادی استفاده شد. تراکم مراحل مختلف رشدی کرم برگخوار چغندرقند بصورت هفتگی در ماه­ های مرداد و شهریور سال 1395 برآورد شد. درجه وابستگی مربوط به تخم ­های کرم برگخوار چغندرقند در اغلب تاریخ های نمونه برداری، بیشتر از 76 درصد بود که بیانگر الگوی توزیع تجمعی و همبستگی قوی فضایی آنها بود. سمپاشی سراسری زمانی­که تراکم لاروهای آفت در شبکه ­ها بیشتر از آستانه اقتصادی بود، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. همچنین از روش سم پاشی مکان ویژه، زمانی­که تراکم لاروهای آفت در شبکه های  نمونه­ برداری متجاوز از آستانه اقتصادی بود، استفاده شد. در بیشتر موارد، مرگ و میر لاروها در سم پاشی سراسری و مکان ویژه اختلاف معنی داری نداشتند. مقایسه دو مدل درون ­یابی نشان داد، داده‌های محاسبه شده برای تعیین تراکم لاروها و تخم­ های کرم برگخوار چغندرقند با استفاده از مدل کریجینگ عادی در مقایسه با مدل وزن دهی معکوس فاصله برازش بهتری داشتند. نتایج این مطالعه در بهبود برنامه­ های نمونه برداری به منظور مدیریت کرم برگخوار چغندرقند در ایران مفید خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial distribution pattern of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sugar beet and advantage of site-specific spraying in the pest management

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. Salmani-Moghanlou 1
  • O. Valizadegan 1
  • B. Naseri 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is a destructive insect pest of sugar beet globally. In this study, we utilized some geostatistical techniques to locate sample points and determine spatial distribution pattern of the pest. Pheromone traps were used to predict accurate time of oviposition and visual sampling was used to determine larval density. In order to predict the population density at non-sampled locations, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) techniques were used. The densities of different developmental stages of S. exigua were estimated weekly during August and September, 2016. The degree dependence values of S. exigua eggs in majority of dataset were larger than 76%, indicating their clumped distribution and strong spatial autocorrelation. Broadcast spraying was used when the density of the larvae in tracts overpassed the economic threshold. Also, we applied site-specific spraying to grid cells when larval densities were above the economic threshold. In most cases, larval mortality was not significantly different between broadcast spraying and site-specific spraying methods. Comparing two interpolation methods indicated that the data calculated for density of larvae and eggs of S. exigua were fitted better with OK model than IDW one. The findings of this research would be useful to develop sampling programs and to control S. exigua in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Inverse distance weighting
  • ordinary kriging
  • site-specific pest management
  • Spodoptera exigua

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