Study on the resistance of different almond varieties to Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

Document Type : Paper, Persian

Authors

Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran

10.52547/jesi.42.1.8

Abstract

Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein is one of the most important pests of almond trees in Iran. In this investigation, seven new and commercial almond varieties and genotypes were evaluated in East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that there was a significant difference among the different varieties of almonds (P<0.01) in terms of infestation percentage of almond fruits. Azar and Shokoofeh varieties and genotype ALC721 with an average of more than 50% infestation had the highest infestation percentage among the tested varieties, whereas Ferragnes, Sahand, A200 and Eskandar with less than 10% infestation had the lowest infestation percentage to this pest. study the number of wasp stings in the antixenosis test showed that Azar variety with an average of 2.07±0.96 had the highest wasp stings, whereas Sahand and Ferragness (with the mean of 0.61±0.43 and 0.60±0.51, respectively) had the lowest wasp stings. The highest percentage of fallen fruits due to wasp stings were observed in Azar, Shokoofeh, Eskandar, Ferragnes and ALC721 with an average of more than 35% and the lowest percentage of fallen fruits observed in A200 and Sahand with an average of less than 10%. The results of olfactory test showed that the highest number of female wasps was attracted to Eskandar, Azar, ALC721 and Shokoofeh varieties, whereas the lowest was attracted to Sahand and Ferragnes varieties. In general, the results of this study showed that Azar and Shokoofeh varieties and genotype ALC721 were the most susceptible varieties to almond seed wasp among the studied varieties. Ferragnes and Eskandar varieties, despite the high percentage of fruit drop due to wasp stings, had a low infestation percentage of almond fruits at the end of the season. Sahand and A200 varieties with the lowest percentage of fruit drop due to wasp stings and also the lowest infestation percentage of almond fruits at the end of the season were the most resistant varieties to the almond seed wasp.

Graphical Abstract

Study on the resistance of different almond varieties to Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

Keywords

Main Subjects

 © 2022 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License.

References

 
Akrami, F., Kazemi, M.H. & Damnabi, K. (1981) Almond seed wasp, Eurytoma Amygdali Enderlein. Iran Plant Protection Organization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 28, 15-26. [In Persian]
Anonymous (2019) Statistics of the Agricultural Jihad Organization of East Azarbaijan province. 9 pp. [In Persian]
Avand-Faghih, A., Lotfalizadeh, H., Koliaei, R., Roshandel, S. & Jafari Nadoshen, A. (2007) Identification of seed wasps (Hym.: Eurytomidae) of stone fruit trees in Iran and study on the mode of reproduction of almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hym.: Eurytomidae) and the evaluation of the efficiency of its sex pheromone on the Iranian population. The final report of the national project, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 21 pp. [In Persian]
Azmayesh Fard, P. (2014) Fruit Pests and Management. Sepehr publication center. 864 pp. [In Persian]
Damanabi, K., Akrami, F. & Kazemi, M.H. (1980) Almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein. Agricultural Research and Extension Organization, 176, 14 pp. [In Persian]
Doğanlar, O., Yıldırım, A. E. & Doğanlar, M. (2006) Natural enemy complex of Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey; notes on their interaction and effectiveness. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2(6), 282-286.
Ivanov, S. (1960) Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein. in Bulgaria and its control. Vestnik Zashchity Rastenii 8(5), 41-61.
Jafari Nodooshan, A. & Shamszadeh, M. (2006) Study of Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, emergence duration from infested fruit and control ways in Yazd orchards almond. 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2-5 September, Pp. 361. [In Persian]  
Khanmohamadi, F., Khajehali, J. & Izadi H. (2016) Biology and thermal requirements of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Zarinshar, Isfahan. Plant Pest Research 6 (3), 39-49. [In Persian]
Kouloussis, N. A. & Katsoyannos, B. I. (1994) Adult response of almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali, to chemicals from its host and certain non-host. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 73 (3), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458. 1994. tb01858.x
Kouloussis, N. A. & Katsoyannos, B. I. (1995) Distribution and activities of Eurytoma amygdali (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) wasps on almond trees. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88(4), 547-553. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/88.4.547
Lesne, P. (1919) Un Chalcididae nuisible à l’amandier dans la région syrienne. Extrait des Annales des Épiphyties 6: 14 pp.
Lotfalizadeh, H., Avand-Faghih, A., Roshandel, S. & Jafari Nadoshen, A. (2008) Parasitoids of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Iran (short report). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 75(2), 151-152. [In Persian]
Mentjelos, J. & Atjemis, A. (1970) Studies on the biology and control of Eurytoma amygdali in Greece. Journal of Economic Entomology 63(6), 1934-1936. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jee/63.6.1934
Mohammadi Khoramabadi, A. & Amin, H. (2006) Preliminary screening of several varieties of almonds to almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein in Mehriz of Yazd province. 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2-5 September Pp. 314. [In Persian]
Mohammadi-Khramabadi, A. & Arzani, A. (2010) Evaluation of some morphological characteristics in five almond cultivars and their relationships with seed infestation and resistance to the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hym.: Eurytomidae), in Yazd province, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 16 (2), 197-205. [In Persian]
Noorbakhsh, S. H. & Abaei, M. (1998) Determining the economic damage of Eurytoma amygdali and evaluating the method of mechanical control and natural enemies in reducing its population. Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural Research Center. The final report of the research project, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 15 pp. [In Persian]
Noorbakhsh, S. H., Saeidi, Z. & Moradi, H. (2008) Study resistance of 10 almond commercial varieties to almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali. 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 24-27 August, Pp. 376. [In Persian]  
Roshandel, S. & Noorbakhsh, S. H. (2005) The effect of cold on the population of the almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali End. in the almond orchards of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Proceedings of the applied scientific conference on ways to deal with frostbite. The field of promotion and exploitation system of Jihad Keshavarzi organization of Yazd province. pp. 345-343. [In Persian]
Saeidi, Z., Nourbakhsh, S. H., Heydari, M., Nemati, A. & Khalil Moghadam, A. (2015) Investigating the mechanism of resistance of different almond genotypes to Eurytoma amygdali. 22nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, September 6-9, Pp. 646. [In Persian]
Saeidi, Z. (2021) Resistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes to almond fruit wasp, Eurytoma amygdali (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Crop Protection 10 (3), 535-545.
Talhouk, A. S. (1977) Contribution to the knowledge of almond pests in east Mediterrenean countries. V. Fruit-feeding insects, Eurytoma amygdali End. and Anarsia lineatella Z. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 83, 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418. 1977.tb02384.x
Tzanakakis, M. E., Karakassis, E. J., Tsaklidis, G., Karabina, E. Ch., Argalavini, I. Ch. & Arabatzis, I. G. (1991) Diapause termination in the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hym., Eurytomidae), in northern Greece and under certain photoperiods and temperatures. Journal of Applied Entomology 111, 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1439-0418.1991.tb00298.x
Tzanakakis, M. E., Papadopoulos, N. T., Katsoyannos, B. I., Drakos, G. N. & Manolakis, E. (1997) Premature fruit drop caused by Eurytoma amygdali (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) on three almond varieties. Journal of Economic Entomology 90(6), 1635-1640. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.6.1635
Journal of Entomological Society of Iran
Volume 42, Issue 2
September 2022
Pages 91-100

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics