Biological and age–stage, two-sex life table parameters of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem., Aleyrodidae) on three important greenhouse crops

Document Type : Paper, Persian

Authors

1 Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center< Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Biological Control Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

10.52547/jesi.42.2.4

Abstract

Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum is one of the most important pests of greenhouse crops throughout the world. In this research, biology and life table parameters of this pest were studied on eggplant, cucumber and tomato plants at 25±2 oC, 65±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h(L:D) based on age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. The means were estimated using Bootstrap method with 100000 replicates. Based on the obtained results, there was a significant difference between the average of all biological parameters of the pest and the average of all the pest population growth parameters on the three host plants. Results showed that, pre-adult developmental time of the pest were 21.87±0.17, 23.34±0.19 and 2 5.37±0.15 days; female longevity were 32.96±1.24, 28.76±1.4 and 25.21±0.92 days; and female fecundity were estimated to be 233.93±8.2, 156.73±5.01 and 129.39±4.66 egg/female on eggplant, cucumber and tomato plants, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase(r) and net reproduction rate (R0) of the pest on three mentioned plants were 0.144±0.005, 0.128±0.005 and 0.118±0.005 (d-1), and 108.90±15.76, 68.96±9.22 and 57.35±8.53 (female/female/generation), respectively. Overall, in this study eggplant in compared with two other plants, was more appropriate host plant for developing and increase of the greenhouse whitefly population.

Graphical Abstract

Biological and age–stage, two-sex life table parameters of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem., Aleyrodidae) on three important greenhouse crops

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

REFERENCES
Akca, E., Ayvaz, T., Yazici, E., Smith, C. & Chi, H. (2015) Demography and population projection of Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae): with additional comments on life table research criteria. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(4): 1466-1478. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov187.
Amtmann, A., Troufflard, S. & Armengaud, P. (2008) The effect of potassium nutrition on pest and disease resistance in plants. Physiologia Plantarum 133(4): 682-691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01075.x.
Anonymous (2021) Agricultural Statistics Letters, Horticultural Products. Vol. 1, 95 pp. Office of Statistics and Information Technology, Ministry of Jahad-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran.
Bagheri, M. R., Hassanpour, M., Golizadeh, A. & Farrokhi, S. (2018) Functional Response of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to different densities of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymphs on three host plants. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 88(1): 99-115. https://doi.org/10.22117/JESI.2018.116591.1166.
Byrne, D. N. & Bellows Jr., T. S. (1991) Whitefly biology. Annual Review of Entomology 36(1): 431-457.
Campos, O. R., Crocomo, W. B. & Labinas, A. M. (2003) Comparative biology of the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.) (Hemiptera-Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on soybean and bean cultivars. Neotropical Entomology 32(1):133-138.  https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2003000100020.
Capinera, J. L. (2008) Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Netherland, pp. 1723-1726.
Cetintas, R. & McAuslane, H. (2009) Effectiveness of parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton cultivars differing in leaf morphology. Florida Entomologist 92(4): 538-547.
Chi, H. (1998) Life table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals. Environmental Entomology 17: 26-34.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.1.26.
Chi, H. (2015) TWOSEX-MSChart: a computer program for the population projection based on age-stage, two sex life table (http://quarantine.entomol.nchu.edu.tw/ecology/Download/TWOSEX-MSChart.rar).
Chi, H., & Su, H. (2006) Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Environmental Entomology 35: 10-21.  https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-35.1.10.
Curry, J. & Pimentel, D. (1971) Life cycle of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and population trends of the whitefly and its parasite, Encarsia formosa on two tomato varieties. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64(5): 1188-1190. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.5.1188.
Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman and Hall, New York, USA.
Emami, A. (1996) Methods of plant decomposition (in Persian). Publication number 982 (1). Publications of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Soil and Water Research Institute.
Gerling, D. (1990) Whiteflies: their bionomics, pest status and management. Intercept Limited, Andover, UK.
Gholami Moghaddam, S., Hosseini, M., Modarres Awal, M. & Allahyari, H. (2013) Effect of leaf surface characteristics of wheat cultivars on functional response of Orius albidipennis (Reuter) to barely aphid Sipha maydis (Passerini). Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1(2):73-85. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23222883.1391.1.2.1.0.
Goodman, D. (1982) Optimal life histories, optimal notation, and the value of reproductive value. American Naturalist 119(6): 803-823.
Greenberg, S. M., Jones, W. A. & Liu, T. X. (2002) Interactions among two species of Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), two species of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), and tomato. Environmental Entomology 31(2): 397-402. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.397.
Gregory, P., Ave, D. A., Bouthyette, P. Y., Tingey, W. M., Juniper, B. & Southwood, S. R. (1986) Insect-defensive chemistry of potato glandular trichomes. In: Juniper, B., Southwood, R. (eds.). Insects and the plant surface, Edward Arnold Publication, UK. pp.173-183.
Hasanuzzaman, A. T. M., Islam, M. N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C. Y. & Liu, T. X., (2016) Leaf morphological characters can be a factor for intra-varietal preference of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) among eggplant varieties. PloS one 11(4), p.e0153880. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153880.
Hosseini, R. S., Madadi, H., Hosseini, M., Delshad, M. & Dashti, F. (2015) Nitrogen in hydroponic growing medium of tomato affects the demographic parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Neotropical Entomology 44(6): 643-650.
Jauset, A. M., Sarasua, M. J., Avilla, J. & Albajes, R. (2000) Effect of nitrogen fertilization level applied to tomato on the greenhouse whitefly. Crop Protection 19(4): 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00016-8.
Jones, D. R. (2003) Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies. European Journal of Plant Pathology 109(3):195-219.
Madadi, H., Enkegaard, A., Brodsaard, H., Kharrazi-Pakdel, A., Mohaghegh, J. & Ashouri, A. (2007) Host plant effects on the functional response of Neoseiulus cucumeris to onion thrips larvae. Journal of Applied Entomology 131: 728-733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01206.x.
Malakouti, M. J. (2014) Optimum recommendation of fertilizer consumption for agricultural products in Iran (in Persian). Mobbaleghan Press, 348pp.
Manzano, M. R. & van Lenteren, J. C. (2009) Life history parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different environmental conditions on two bean cultivars. Neotropical Entomology 38(4): 452-458.  https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2009000400002. 
Manzari, S. & Fathipour, Y. (2021) Whiteflies. In: Omkar, S. (eds.) Polyphagous Pests of Crops. Springer, Singapore, pp: 183-230.
Marschner, H. (2011) Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press. 651pp.
McDaniel, T., Tosh, C. R., Gatehouse, A. M., George, D., Robson, M. & Brogan, B. (2016) Novel resistance mechanisms of a wild tomato against the glasshouse whitefly. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36(1): 1-11.
Mirzamohammadzadeh, S., Iranipour, S., Lotfalizadeh, H. & Jafarloo, M. (2015) Biological parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) in four greenhouse cucumber cultivars. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 34(4), pp.53-67.
Mound, L. & Halsey, S. (1978) Whitefly of the world: A systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data. John Wiley and Sons, UK., 340 pp.
Naeim Amini, S., Golizadeh, A., Tafaghodinia, B., Razmjou, J. & Abbasipour, H. (2021) Interaction between host plant morphological characteristics with life history of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15(6), pp.875-885.
Neiva, I. P., Andrade Júnior, V. C. D., Maluf, W. R., Oliveira, C. M. & Maciel, G. M. (2013) Role of allelochemicals and trichome density in the resistance of tomato to whitefly. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 37(1): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000100007  
Pedley, R. I. F. (2010) Comparative studies of three aphelinid parasitoids of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with emphasis on Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich: M.Sc. Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/2760.
Prijović, M., Marčić, D., Drobnjaković, T., Međo, I. & Perić, P. (2013) Life history traits and population growth of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) on different tomato genotypes. Pesticides and Phytomedicine 28(4): 239-245. https://doi.org/10.2298/pif.v28i4.5034.
Riddick, E. W. & Simmons, A. M. (2014) Do plant trichomes cause more harm than good to predatory insects? Pest Management Science 70(11): 1655-1665.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3772.
Romanow, L. R., de Ponti, O. M. B. & Mollema, C. (1991) Resistance in tomato to the greenhouse whitefly: analysis of population dynamics. Entomologica Experimentalis et Applicata 60: 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01545.x.
Sarraf Moayeri, H., Ashouri, A., Brodsgaard, H. F. & Enkegaard, A. (2006) Odour-mediated preference and prey preference of Macrolophus caliginosus between spider mites and green peach aphids. Journal of Applied Entomology 130(9-10):504-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01094.x.
Shahbazvar, N., Sahragard, A., Hosseini, R. & Hajizadeh, J. (2011) A preliminarily study on adult characters of whiteflies (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). Entomofauna, Zeitshrift Fur Entomologie 32(30): 413-420.
Shapiro, J., Shirk, P., Reitz, S. & Koenig, R. (2009) Sympatry of Orius insidiosus and O. pumilio (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in north central Florida. Florida Entomologist 92(2): 362-366. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40205380.
Simmons, A. T. & Gurr, G. M. (2005) Trichomes of Lycopersicon species and their hybrids: effects on pests and natural enemies. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 7(4): 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9555.2005.00271.x.
Smucker, M., Allan, J. & Cartertte, B. (2007) A comparison of statistical significance tests for information retrieval evaluation. Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Lisbon, Portugal, 623-632.
Southwood, T. & Henderson, A. (2009) Ecological methods. 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford. UK., 574 pp.
van de Merendonk, S. & van Lenteren, J. (1987) Determination of mortality of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) eggs, larvae and pupae on four host-plant species: eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) and paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) [biological control by Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)]. 30th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Gent (Belgium).
van der Kamp, R. & van Lenteren, J. (1981) The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 92(1-5): 149-159.
van Lenteren, J. & Noldus, L. (1990) Whitefly-plant relationships: behavioral and ecological aspects. In: Gerling, D. (eds.). Whiteflies, their bionomics, pest status and management, Intercept Wimborne, U.K., pp: 47-89.
van Sas, J., Woets, J. & van Lenteren, J. C. (1978) Determination of host-plant quality of gherkin (Cucumis sativus L.), melon (Cucumis melo L.) and gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Hook) for the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Mededelingen van de faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent 43: 409-420.
Walter, A. J. & Difonzo, C. D. (2007) Soil potassium deficiency affects soybean phloem nitrogen and soybean aphid populations. Environmental Entomology 36(1): 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[26:SPDASP]2.0.CO;2.
Zaini, M. R. (2005) Biology, distribution and effect of selected insecticides against whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Ph.D. dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Mara. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/4321.
Zhang, G. F. & Wan, F. H. (2012) Suitability changes with host leaf age for Bemisia tabaci B biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Environmental Entomology 41(5): 1125-1130. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11288.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Journal of Entomological Society of Iran
Volume 42, Issue 2
September 2022
Pages 157-171

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics