بررسی تغییرات جمعیت مگس میوه زیتون Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip.: Tephritidae) در منطقه طارم سفلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 1- گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه 2- بخش تحقیقات حشره شناسی کشاورزی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه ، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات حشره شناسی کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، تهران، ایران

10.52547/jesi.42.4.8

چکیده

مگس میوه زیتون، (Rossi) Bactrocera oleae  حشره‌ای مونوفاژ بوده و مهمترین آفت زیتون در سرتاسر جهان بویژه در کشورهای مدیترانه می‌باشد. این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه تغییرات جمعیت مراحل مختلف زندگی و برخی ویژگی‌های زیست‌شناسی مگس میوه زیتون در دو سال در منطقه طارم سفلی استان قزوین انجام شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که این حشره در منطقه طارم سفلی، سه تا پنج نسل دارد. مگس میوه زیتون، زمستان را به صورت حشرات کامل در پناهگاه‌های مختلف و به ندرت به صورت شفیره در زیر بقایای گیاهی و خاک‌های نرم باغ‌ها سپری می‌کند. با گرم شدن هوا و بعد از گذراندن یک دوره دیاپوز تولیدمثلی، در اواخر بهار و اوایل تابستان، همزمان با سخت شدن هسته زیتون، مگس میوه زیتون در میوه‌ها تخم‌گذاری انجام می‌دهد. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، فعالیت مگس میوه زیتون با تغییرات آب و هوایی و فنولوژی درخت زیتون و دسترسی به میوه زیتون منطبق بود و همبستگی کامل داشت. بر اساس نتایج، در سال اول به علت شرایط مناسب آب و هوایی و محصول فراوان، نسل اول در تیر ماه، نسل دوم بین مرداد ماه تا شهریور، نسل سوم بین شهریور ماه و مهر ماه، نسل چهارم مهر ماه و آبان ماه و نسل پنجم یا همان نسل زمستان گذران آبان ماه و آذر ماه ادامه داشت ولی در سال دوم به علت کمی محصول و شرایط آب و هوایی نسل اول در مرداد ماه، نسل دوم شهریور ماه، نسل سوم بین شهریور ماه و مهر ماه و نسل چهارم (نسل زمستان گذران) مهر ماه و آبان ماه مشاهده شد و در ماه آذر دیگر میوه‌ای وجود نداشت. به دلیل طول عمر حشرات کامل و طولانی بودن دوره تخم‌گذاری، نسل‌های مگس میوه زیتون، دارای همپوشانی بودند. همچنین جمعیت آفت در نسل سوم و چهارم بیش از نسل اول و دوم مشاهده شد. نسبت جنسی در نسل‌های اول و دوم به سود نرها بوده ولی در نسل‌های سوم و چهارم به 1:1 تغییر می‌یابد.

چکیده تصویری

بررسی تغییرات جمعیت مگس میوه زیتون Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip.: Tephritidae) در منطقه طارم سفلی

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Population fluctuation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip.: Tephritidae) in the Tarom Sofla region, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohammadipour 1
  • Gholam Hossein Gharekhani 2
  • Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam 3
  • Ali Akbar keyhanian 3
1 1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran 2- Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
3 Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is one of the most important and main pests that attack olives all around the world, especially in Mediterranean countries. This research was done to study some biological characteristics of the pest in two years. This pest has three to five generations in the Tarom sofla area of Qazvin province. Results showed that fly overwinters as adult mainly but rarely as pupa beneath the plant debris and surface soil layer of the olive orchards. The olive fruit fly attacks the fruits as the weather warms up and after a period of reproductive diapause, in late spring and early summer, at the same time as the olive core hardens (Pit hardening). Climatic changes and olive tree phenology and access to olive fruit were constant and fully correlated with olive fruit fly activity. Based on these results, the first generation, because of the favorable conditions and the product of in the first year, happened generally in July, the second generation has continued between August and September, the third generation between September and October, the fourth generation in October and November, and the fifth generation or the wintering generation in November and December. But in the second year, due to the low yield and weather conditions, the first generation was generally observed in August, the second generation in September, the third generation between September and October, and the fourth generation (wintering generation) in October and November, and another fruit was not observed in December. Due to the long oviposition period, the olive fly has overlapping generations. The density of the olive fly population in the third and fourth generation is more than the first and second generation. In the early generations, the sex ratio is in favor of males, but in the last generation, it changes to 1:1.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bactrocera oleae
  • Biology
  • Poplulation fluctuations
  • Generation

 © 2023 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

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نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران
دوره 42، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 331-344

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