تعیین سطح زیان اقتصادی کرم میوه خوار Batrachedra amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) روی میوه شش رقم تجاری نخل خرما در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل، فارسی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده خرما و میوه های گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و آموزش و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

شب پرة کوچک خرما Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) و سایر کرم ­های میوه­ خوار خرما از مهم­ترین آفات میوة خرما می ­باشند که موجب خشک شدن و ریزش خرما می­شوند. در این پژوهش ارتباط بین تراکم جمعیت کرم میوه خوار خرما و میزان آسیب ناشی از آن و کاهش شاخص ­های عملکرد خرما روی شش رقم تجاری نخل خرما در استان­ های خوزستان، بوشهر، هرمزگان، کرمان، و سیستان و بلوچستان  طی سال­های 1396 و 1397 بررسی شد. هزینه مدیریت تولید در دو حالت کاربرد کنترل شیمیایی و بیولوژیک و قیمت محصول در هر منطقه بر اساس پیش بینی میانگین شش ماهه محاسبه شد. نمونه برداری­ها از انتهای اردیبهشت تا اوایل شهریور به فاصله هر 10 روز یک بار انجام شد. از هر درخت چهار خوشه از چهار جهت مختلف جغرافیایی درخت انتخاب و از هر خوشه، تعداد 25 عدد میوه (از نظر سالم و آلوده بودن) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در نهایت از مدل نورتون برای محاسبه EIL در شرایط کنترل بیولوژیک و کنترل شیمیایی استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج، هزینه کنترل بیولوژیک کمتر از کنترل شیمیایی بود. بالاترین هزینه در هر دو روش مربوط به هزینه خرید مواد کنترل کننده بود. بالاترین میزان آسیب وارده به محصول (علائم تغذیه) در اثر واحد جمعیت آفت مربوط به رقم مضافتی و کمترین آن مربوط به رقم کبکاب بود. همچنین بالاترین میزان خسارت محصول در اثر واحد آسیب (زیان ناشی از تغذیه) آفت مربوط به رقم ربی و کمترین آن در رقم سایر مشاهده شد. در کلیه ارقام مورد مطالعه، سطح زیان اقتصادی در سال 1396 کمتر از سال 1397 در هر دو روش کنترل شیمیایی و بیولوژیک بود. از طرفی هزینه در روش کنترل بیولوژیکی در هر دو سال و در کلیه ارقام مورد مطالعه پایین­ تر از روش کنترل شیمیایی بود. بالاترین سطح زیان اقتصادی در سال 1397 مربوطه به رقم سایر و در روش کنترل بیولوژیک (1/ 1546 لارو-روز) و کمترین آن مربوط به رقم ربی و در روش کنترل شیمیایی (81/13 لارو-روز) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of economic injury level of date palm lesser moth, Batrachedra amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on six commercial date cultivars in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Latifian 1
  • A. N. Bagheri 2
  • M. Amani 1
  • M. Naseri 3
  • E. Saboki 1
  • R. Khademi 1
  • H. Zohdi 3
1 Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
2 َPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
3 Plant Protection Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Edu-cation Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The small date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) and other date palm moths are among the most important date fruit pests, causing the date fruits to dry and fall. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the density of B. amydraula population and the extent of its injury level as well as between the rate of damage and reduction of date yield indices on six commercial date palm cultivars in five provinces of Iran including Khuzestan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Kerman and Saystan & Baluchestan durying 2018 and 2019. Production management costs in both chemical and biological control approaches were considered. Also, crop prices in each region were calculated based on a six-month average prediction. Sampling were done at 15-days intervals from May to early September. To this end, four clusters were selected from four different geographical directions of each tree and in each cluster, 25 fruits were checked to determine the number of healthy and infested fruits. Finally, the Norton model was used to calculate EIL under biological and chemical control conditions. Based on the results, the cost of biological control was lower than that of chemical control. The highest cost in both methods was the cost of purchasing the controlling materials. The highest rate of injury (symptoms of nutrition) to the crop was observed in Mazafati cultivar and the lowest one was in Kabkab. Also, the highest crop damage (nutrition losses) caused by pest damage unit was observed in Rabi cultivar and the lowest one was in Kabkab cultivar. In all studied cultivars, the economic injury level in 2018 was lower than 2019 in both chemical and biological control methods. On the other hand, in biological control method in both years and on all cultivars, costs were lower than chemical control method. The highest value of economic injury level in 2019 was estimated for cultivar Sayer in biological control method (1546.1 larva-day) and the lowest one was estimated for cultivar Rabi in chemical control method (13.81 larva-day).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date palm
  • the lesser date moth
  • Economic injury level

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نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران
دوره 40، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84
زمستان 1399
اسفند 1399
صفحه 371-387

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