Population fluctuation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip.: Tephritidae) in the Tarom Sofla region, Iran

Document Type : Paper, Persian

Authors

1 1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran 2- Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

3 Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran

4 2. Department of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

10.52547/jesi.42.4.8

Abstract

Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is one of the most important and main pests that attack olives all around the world, especially in Mediterranean countries. This research was done to study some biological characteristics of the pest in two years. This pest has three to five generations in the Tarom sofla area of Qazvin province. Results showed that fly overwinters as adult mainly but rarely as pupa beneath the plant debris and surface soil layer of the olive orchards. The olive fruit fly attacks the fruits as the weather warms up and after a period of reproductive diapause, in late spring and early summer, at the same time as the olive core hardens (Pit hardening). Climatic changes and olive tree phenology and access to olive fruit were constant and fully correlated with olive fruit fly activity. Based on these results, the first generation, because of the favorable conditions and the product of in the first year, happened generally in July, the second generation has continued between August and September, the third generation between September and October, the fourth generation in October and November, and the fifth generation or the wintering generation in November and December. But in the second year, due to the low yield and weather conditions, the first generation was generally observed in August, the second generation in September, the third generation between September and October, and the fourth generation (wintering generation) in October and November, and another fruit was not observed in December. Due to the long oviposition period, the olive fly has overlapping generations. The density of the olive fly population in the third and fourth generation is more than the first and second generation. In the early generations, the sex ratio is in favor of males, but in the last generation, it changes to 1:1.

Graphical Abstract

Population fluctuation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Dip.: Tephritidae) in the Tarom Sofla region, Iran

Keywords

Main Subjects

 © 2023 by Author(s), Published by the Entomological Society of Iran

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

References

Awadalla, S. S., Bayoumy, M. H., Khattab M. A. & Abdel-Wahab, A. H. (2014) Thermal requirements for development of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype ‘B’ and their implication to field sample population data. Acta Phytopathologica Entomologica Hungarica 49, 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1556/aphyt.49.2014.2.16.
Bayoumy, M. H., Michaud, J. P., Badr, F. A. & Ghanim, N. M. (2021) Validation of degree‐day models for predicting the emergence of two fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northeast Egypt. Insect Science 28(1), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12750.
Bjeliš, M. & Pelicaric, V. (2004) Tephritid fruit fly pests in Croatia: an overview of damage and current control strategies. In Proceedings of 6th International Fruit Fly Symposium. Stellenbosch, South Africa, FAO-IAEA  (pp. 325-329).
Broufas, G. D., Pappas, M. L. & Koveos, D. S. (2009) Effect of relative humidity on longevity, ovarian maturation and egg production in the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 102(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1603/008.102.0107
Broumas, T., Haniotakis, G., Liaropoulos, C., Tomazou, T. & Ragoussis, N. (2002) The efficacy of an improved form of the mass-trapping method, for the control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Dipt., Tephritidae): pilot-scale feasibility studies. Journal of Applied Entomology 126, 217– 223. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.00637.x.
Daane, K. M. & Johnson, M. W. (2010) Olive Fruit Fly: Managing an Ancient Pest in Modern Times. Annual Review of Entomology 55, 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090553.
Delrio, G., Prota, R., Economopoulos, A. P., Economopoulos, P. V. & Haniotakis, G. E. (1982) Comparative study on food, sex and visual attractants for the olive fruit fly. In: Fruit flies of economic importance. Proceedings of the CEC/IOBC International Symposium. p. 465–472.
Dimou, I., Koutsikopoulos, C., Economopoulos, A. P. & Lykakis, J. (2003) The distribution of olive fruit fly captures with mcphail traps within an olive orchard. Phytoparasitica 31, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02980781.
Economopoulos, A. P. (2002) The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae): its importance and control; previous SIT research and pilot testing. Report to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, 44p.
Esmaeili, M. (1996) Important pests of fruit trees. 3rd ed., 578 pp. Sepehr publication.
FAO. (2022) https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.
Fletcher, B. S. & Kapatos, E. T. (1983) The influence of temperature, diet and olive fruits on the maturation rates of female olive flies at different times of the year. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 33, 244-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03264.x.
Fletcher, B. S., Pappas, S., & Kapatos, E. T. (1978) Changes in the ovaries of olive fly (Dacus oleae, Gmelin) during the summer and their relationship to temperature, humidity and fruit availability. Ecological Entomology 3, 99–107.
Genç, H. & Nation, J. L. (2008) Survival and development of Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae) immature stages at four temperatures in the laboratory. African Journal of Biotechnology 7, 2495-2500.
Girolami, V., Strapazzon, A. & De Gerloni, P. F. (1983) Insect/plant relationships in olive fruit flies: general aspects and new findings, pp.: 258-267, in: R. Cavalloro, (ed.). fruit flies of economic importance. proceedings of the CEC/IOBC international symposium, Athens, Greece, 16-19. November 1982.
Gonçalves, F.M. & Torres, L. M. (2011) The use of cumulative degree-days to predict olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), activity in traditional olive groves from the northeast of Portugal. Journal of Pest science 84, 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-010-0340-3.
Hammad, S. M. (1980) Studies on population densities of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae Gmel. In Tripoli areas. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt 60, 305-309.
Haniotakis, G. & Voyadjoglou, A. (1978) Oviposition regulation in Dacus oleae by various olive fruit fly characters. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 24, 347-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1978.tb02798.x.
Herms, D. A. (2004) Using degree-days and plant phenology to predict pest activity. IPM (Integrated Pest Management) of Midwest Landscapes (eds. V. Krischik & J. Davidson), pp. 49-59. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Publication 58- 07645.
Jafari, Y. & Rezaei, V. (2004) The first report of olive fruit fly importation to Iran. News Entomological Society of Iran 22, 1.
Johnson, M. W., Zalom, F. G., van Steenwyk, R. P., Vossen, A. K., Devarenne, K. M., Daane, B., Krueger, J. H., Connell, V. & Yokoyama. B. (2006) Olive fruit fly management guidelines for 2006. University of California, Cooperative Extension UC Plant Protection Quarterly 16, 1–9.
Kapatus, E. T. & Fletcher, B. S. (1983) Seasonal changes in the efficiency of Mcphail traps and a model for estimating olive fly densities from trap catches using tempreture data. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 32, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1983.tb03227.x.
Katsoyannus, P. (1992) Olive pests and their control in the Near East. FAO Plant Production and Protction paper 115, 178 pp.
Keyhanian, A. A. & Abbasi mojdehi, M. R. (2021) Seasonal population changes of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae and its damages on olive orchards in Tarom Sofla (Ghazvin province) in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 89, 37- 49.
Kolyaei, R., Ghannad Amooz, S., Keyhanian, A. & Taghaddosi, M, V. (2009) Final report of determination and efficiency of several attracting traps to control of olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae Gmelin. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection No. 88/69. 35 pp.
Koveos, D. S. & Tzanakakis, M. E. (1990) Effect of the presence of olive fruit on ovarian maturation in the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae, under laboratory conditions. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 55, 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1990.tb01359.x.
Leblanc, L., Vargas, R. I. & Rubinoff, D. (2010a) A comparison of nontarget captures in BioLure and liquid protein food lures in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomolgical Society 42, 15-22.
Mazomenos, B. E., Mazomenou, A. P. & Stefanou, D. (2004) Attract and kill of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae in Greece as a part of an integrated control system. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 25, 11p.
Michelakis, S. & Neuenschwander, P. (1985) Bio-ecological data on Dacus oleae (Gmel.) for selective control in Crete, Greece, PP.: 94-103, in: R. Cavalloro, & A. Crovetti, (Eds.). Procidings of CEC/FAO/IOBC International Joint Meeting, April 1984, Pisa.
Mule, R., Fodale, A. S. & Tucci, A. (1990) Three years of observation on the phenology and incidence of damage to olive cause by Dacus oleae Gmel. In western Sicily. Annali dell’Istituto Sperimentale per l’Olivicoltura, 10, 45-61.
Neuenschwander, P., Michelakis, S. & Kapatos, E. (1986) Dacus oleae (Gmel.), pp.: 115-159. In: Arambourg, Y., Ed. Entomologie oleicole. Conseil Oleicole International, Madrid, Spain.
Prokopy, R. J. & Haniotakis, G. E. (1976) Symp. Biol. Hung. 16: 209-214. In: Katsoyannus, P. 1992. Olive pests and their control in the Near East. Italy. Publication Division of FAO.
Pucci, C., Iannotta, N., Duro, N., Jaupi, A., Thomaj, F., Speranza, S. & Paparatti, B. (2013) Application of a statistical forecast model on the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) infestation and oil analysis in Albania. Bulletin of Insectology 66(2), 309- 314.
Raspi, A, Canale A, Loni A (2005) Presence of mature eggs in olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera. : Tephritidae), at different constant photoperiods and at two temperatures. Bulletin of Insectology 58(2),125–129.
Rice, R. E. (2000) Bionomics of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae. UC Plant Protection Quatery. 10, 1-5.
Samayoa, A. C., Choi, K. S., Wang, Y. S., Hwang, S. Y., Huang, Y. B. & Ahn, J. J. (2018) Thermal effects on the development of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)(Diptera: Tephritidae) and model validation in Taiwan. Phytoparasitica 46(3), 365-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-018-0674-6.
Sanz-Cortes, F., Martinez-Calvo, J., Badenes, M. L., Bleiholder, H., Hack, H., Llacer, G., & Meier, U. (2002) Phenological growth stages of olive trees (Olea europaea). Annals of Applied Biology 140(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2002.tb00167.x.
Sharaf, N. S. (1980) Life history of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae Gmel. (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its damage to olive fruits in Tripolitania. Zeitschrift fur Angewante Entomologie 89, 390-400.
Shehata, N. F., Younes, M. W. F. & Mahmoud, Y.A. (2008) Biological studies on the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera Zonata (Saunders) in Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences and Research 4, 1103–06.
Taghaddosi, M, V., Kolyaei, R. & Kakhki, S, H. (2013) An investigation on optimal height and direction of yellow sticky traps baited with sex pheromone for capturing the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Dip.: Tephritidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 23, 13- 21.
Tzanakakis M. E. & Koveos, D. S. (1986) Inhibition of ovarian maturation in the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae), under long photophase and an increase of temperature. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79, 15–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/79.1.15.
Tzanakakis, M. E. (1974) Tomato as food for larvae of Dacus oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annales. School Agriculture. And Forestry University, Thessaloniki 17, 548–552.
Tzanakakis, M. E. (2003) Seasonal development and dormancy of insects and mites feeding on olive: a review. Netherland Journal of Zoology 52, 87-224. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854203764817670.
Tzanakakis, M. E., Tsitsipis, J. A. & Economopoulos, A. P. (1968) Frequency of mating in females of the olive fruit fly under laboratory conditions. Journal of Economic Entomology 1, 1309-1312. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.5.1309.
Varela, L. & Vossen, P. (2003) Olive fruit fly. University of California Cooperative xtensionSonoma Country.http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu/HORTIC/Olive fly/olive fruit fly.
Wang, X. G., Johnson, M. W., Daane, K. M. & Nadel, H. (2009) High summer temperatures affect the survival and reproduction of olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Environmental Entomology 38(5), 1496–1504. https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0518.
Weems, H. V. & Nation, J. L. (2004) Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera olea (Gmelin) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae). University of Florida. Extension Inistitute of Food and Agricaltural Science. EENY-113.
Zalom, F. G., Van Steenwyk, R. A. & Burrack, H. J. (2003) Olive fruit fly. Pest Notes. Univ. Calif. Div. Agriculture and Natural. Resources, 74112.
Zalom, F. G., Van Steenwyk, R. A., Burrack, H. J. & Johnson, M. W. (2009) Olive fruit fly. Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Notes, Produced by UC Statewide IPM Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. available on theWorld Wide Web (www.ipm.ucdavis.edu).
Journal of Entomological Society of Iran
Volume 42, Issue 4
February 2023
Pages 331-344

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics